Lipid and lipoprotein distributions in white children ages 6–19 yr. The lipid research clinics program prevalence study

Tamir, I; Heiss, Gerardo; Glueck, Charles J.; Christensen, Bobbe L.; Kwiterovich, Peter O.; Rifkind, Basil M.

doi:10.1016/0021-9681(81)90079-5

Cited by 103 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…12 This knowledge is important when making recommendations regarding screening, because concentrations before 2 years of age may not reflect values in subsequent years of childhood or adult values. Population-based studies, including the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANESs), have provided useful data on the distribution and trends in lipids and lipoproteins during childhood and adolescence.…”

Section: Cholesterol Concentrations In Childhood and Adolescencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These values are from the 1981 prevalence study of the Lipid Research Clinics and were measured before the increase in prevalence of obesity. 12 These percentile values could be used in a similar fashion to those for blood pressure and BMI. In this case, LDL concentrations greater than the 95th percentile (or less than the 5th percentile for HDL concentration) would be considered abnormal, particularly if the abnormality was persistent over several office visits.…”

Section: Abnormal Cholesterol Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipid Screening and Cardiovascular Health in Childhood

Daniels¹,

Greer²

2008

Pediatrics

1,044

765

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This clinical report replaces the 1998 policy statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics on cholesterol in childhood, which has been retired. This report has taken on new urgency given the current epidemic of childhood obesity with the subsequent increasing risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease in older children and adults. The approach to screening children and adolescents with a fasting lipid profile remains a targeted approach. Overweight children belong to a special risk category of children and are in need of cholesterol screening regardless of family history or other risk factors. This report reemphasizes the need for prevention of cardiovascular disease by following Dietary Guidelines for Americans and increasing physical activity and also includes a review of the pharmacologic agents and indications for treating dyslipidemia in children. Pediatrics 2008;122:198-208 INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and morbidity in the United States. 1 Most of the clinical burden of CVD occurs in adulthood. However, research over the last 40 years has increasingly indicated that the process of atherosclerotic CVD begins early in life and is progressive throughout the life span. 2 It has also become clear that there is an important genetic component to the disease process that produces susceptibility but that environmental factors, such as diet and physical activity, are equally important in determining the course of the disease process.This statement replaces the outdated 1998 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) policy statement "Cholesterol in Childhood," which has been retired. 3 New data emphasize the negative effects of excess dietary intake of saturated and trans fats and cholesterol as well as the effect of carbohydrate intake, the obesity epidemic, the metabolic/insulin-resistance syndrome, and the decreased level of physical activity and fitness on the risk of adult-onset CVD. In addition, more data are now available on the safety and efficiency of pharmacologic agents used to treat dyslipidemia. Most of these data were not available at the time of the previous statement.A number of studies have identified potential risk factors for adult CVD. 4 The strongest risk factors include a high concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a low concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), elevated blood pressure, type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, and obesity. Research in children and adolescents has demonstrated that some of these risk factors may be present at a young age, 5 and pediatricians must initiate the lifelong approach to prevention of CVD in their patients. The focus of this report is on improving lipid and lipoprotein concentrations during childhood and adolescence to lower the lifelong risk of CVD. The current obesity epidemic among children has increased the need for pediatric health care professionals to be knowledgeable of the risk factors for CVD and to implement the changes recommended in...

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Section: Cholesterol Concentrations In Childhood and Adolescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abnormal Cholesterol Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Screening and Cardiovascular Health in Childhood

Daniels¹,

Greer²

2008

Pediatrics

1,044

765

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, because the human lipid transport system has been shown to undergo several changes from its fetal to adult form (2,(12)(13)(14)(15), the purpose of this study was to provide information on the concentration and composition of these two major HDL families in plasma of normal, prepubertal children of both sexes and to compare them with those of adults.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition of Plasma ApoA-I-Containing Lipoprotein Particles in Children and Adults

et al. 1991

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“…At risk thresholds for total cholesterol and LDL adopted for the analysis were ≥4.73 mmol L −1 (total cholesterol) and ≥ 3.18 mmol L −1 (LDL) for boys and ≥5.12 mmol L −1 (total cholesterol) and ≥3. 34 mmol/L (LDL) for girls (Tamir et al, 1981). Levels at <1.0 mg L −1 and ≥1.0 mg L −1 indicated low risk and at risk status, respectively, for CRP (Pearson et al, 2003).…”

Section: Cardiometabolic Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Scottish Youth: A Pilot Investigation

Buchan¹,

Young²,

Kilgore

et al. 2012

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences

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Problem statement:Approximately 70% of the total ethnic minority population of Scotland is of South Asian ancestry, although relatively little is known about their cardiovascular risk profile. Determining the risk profiles of Scottish youth of South Asian ancestry may inform the creation of interventions to reduce risk and improve the quality of life in this population. Approach: The purpose of this pilot investigation was to examine the Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk profiles of Scottish youth of South Asian ancestry. A sample of 48 South Asian adolescents (26 females, 22 males, 16±2 years of age) resident in the city of Glasgow participated in this study. Stature, mass, waist circumference, physical activity, blood pressure, diet and 10 metabolic markers of CVD risk were recorded. Results: Boys had a significantly (p≤0. 01) greater body mass, stature and were more physically active than girls. The boys also had significantly (p≤0. 05) higher fasting levels of glucose, LDL and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and recorded lower levels of HDL than girls. High fat diets, low physical activity, elevated CRP, glucose and insulin levels and low HDL levels were the risk factors most often identified as being as non-desirable. About 88% of the cohort had between 2 and 6 CVD risk factors while 40% of boys and 20% of girls presented with 5 or more risk factors. Conclusion/Recommendations: Results suggest that preventive measures, including increased physical activity and dietary management may be warranted for the youth of South Asian ancestry.

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Lipid and lipoprotein distributions in white children ages 6–19 yr. The lipid research clinics program prevalence study

Cited by 103 publications

References 21 publications

Lipid Screening and Cardiovascular Health in Childhood

Lipid Screening and Cardiovascular Health in Childhood

Composition of Plasma ApoA-I-Containing Lipoprotein Particles in Children and Adults

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Scottish Youth: A Pilot Investigation

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