Lipid-Based Nanovesicular Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract

In designing a new drug, considering the preferred route of administration, various requirements must be fulfilled. Active molecules pharmacokinetics should be reliable with a valuable drug profile as well as well-tolerated. Over the past 20 years, nanotechnologies have provided alternative and complementary solutions to those of an exclusively pharmaceutical chemical nature since scientists and clinicians invested in the optimization of materials and methods capable of regulating effective drug delivery at the nanometer scale. Among the many drug delivery carriers, lipid nano vesicular ones successfully support clinical candidates approaching such problems as insolubility, biodegradation, and difficulty in overcoming the skin and biological barriers such as the blood–brain one. In this review, the authors discussed the structure, the biochemical composition, and the drug delivery applications of lipid nanovesicular carriers, namely, niosomes, proniosomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, pharmacosomes, ufasomes, phytosomes, catanionic vesicles, and extracellular vesicles.

Effects of Imipenem-containing Niosome nanoparticles against high prevalence methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Epidermidis biofilm formed

“…Hence, the size obtained for the F1 formulation was quite smaller than the other formulations, indicating this formulation's higher EE. Hedayati et al examined various Niosome-encapsulated drug formulations, reporting that the size of Niosome-encapsulated drugs varied across different formulations 37 . This study’s-controlled drug release profile indicates a biphasic pattern.…”

Nanotechnological engineering of extracellular vesicles for the development of actively targeted hybrid nanodevices

“…Considering their lipid-bilayer structure, EVs can be assimilated to liposomes, i.e. synthetic lipid vesicles widely applied for the delivery of drugs [ 5 ], proteins [ 6 ] and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) [ 7 , 8 ]. As known, the lipid bilayer could provide a suitable defensive barrier to preserve the colloidal and chemical stability of different materials in the biological environment allowing the loading of either hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds, stable in the vesicles core or in the lipid membrane, respectively [ 9 ].…”

Large stress asymmetries of lipid bilayers and nanovesicles generate lipid flip-flops and bilayer instabilities

“…Giant vesicles have become versatile research tools for basic membrane science, bioengineering, and synthetic biology. [1][2][3] Nanovesicles provide delivery platforms for pharmaceutics, nutrition, as well as cosmetics and are now used as nanocarriers for the delivery of dermal and transdermal drugs, 4,5 of small interfering RNA therapeutics, 6,7 and of mRNA vaccines. 7,8 In addition, lipid bilayers provide the basic building blocks for all cellular membranes including the outer plasma membrane of all cells, the intracellular membranes within eukaryotic cells, as well as extracellular vesicles such as exosomes and microvesicles.…”