Lipid Biomarker Analysis of Suspended Particulate Matter from the Great Kwa River, SE Nigeria: Origins and Environmental Implications of Biogenic and Anthropogenic Organic Compounds

Simoneit, Bernd R.T.; Pisani, Oliva; Ekpo, Bassey O.; Fubara, Ebirien P.; Nna, Prince J.; Ekpa, Okon D.

doi:10.1007/s10498-017-9311-0

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Many of the identified compounds could be considered as typical biomarkers to the extent that they have definitive chemical structures, which can be related directly or indirectly through a set of structural alterations to biogenic sources and cannot be synthesized by abiogenic processes . Typically, monoterpenes and cyclic diterpenes (the latter as hydrocarbons, acids, alcohols, or other derivatives) are major constituents of gymnosperms resins. − Other compounds, such as sterols, may derive mainly from the cell walls of animals and plants, whereas triterpenoids are widely distributed in the epicuticular constituents of higher plants…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lipid fraction of soil is often considered a valuable source of environmental information, representing a continuous molecular record shedding light on climate change and the intensity of organic-matter (OM) turnover. − In fact, whereas the soil lipid fraction originally consists of a heterogeneous molecular assemblage inherited mainly from plants and microorganisms, , further abiotic or microbial transformation of these biogenic lipids provides additional compounds in the soil. − The dynamics of soil lipids is complex because apart from the above processes, lipid mixtures are subjected to continuous biodegradation of their comparatively labile molecules. Nevertheless, lipid molecules can also be included into organomineral structures in progressively transformed soil organic-matter pools − with improved preservation of compounds associated with small-size-aggregate fractions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil Perturbation in Mediterranean Ecosystems Reflected by Differences in Free-Lipid Biomarker Assemblages

Tinoco

Almendros

Sanz

2018

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Environmental information provided by free lipids in soil samples collected from control and disturbed plots (Madrid, Spain) was assessed by comparing molecular assemblages of terpenoids and distribution patterns of alkanes and fatty acids (FAs) analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Wildfires in pine forests led to increased proportions of retene, dehydroabietin, and simonellite. Friedo-oleananes were characteristic in soils under angiosperms, and norambreinolide-type diterpenes were characteristic in soils encroached by Cistus bushes. Steroids were major compounds in pastured sites. Enhanced Shannon's lipid biodiversity index in disturbed soils compared with in control soils suggested patterns of recent lipids overlapping a preserved original lipid signature. The extent of the environmental impacts was illustrated as Euclidean distances between paired control and disturbed sites calculated using the compounds in alkyl homologous series as descriptors. As expected, reforestation, bush encroachment, wildfires, and cultivation were reflected by changes in the molecular record of lipids in soils.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Perturbation in Mediterranean Ecosystems Reflected by Differences in Free-Lipid Biomarker Assemblages

Tinoco

Almendros

Sanz

2018

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Aeolian transport of n-alkanes occurs on a regional scale and can lead to an age offset of one year (Freimuth et al 2021). During fluviatile transport Compound-Specific 14 C Dating on n-Alkanes 379 (Kusch et al 2010;Galy et al 2011;Ponton et al 2014;Häggi et al 2016;Hemingway et al 2016;Simoneit et al 2017), n-alkanes from sediments of different riparian areas can be mixed and enter the sediment trap (Aichner et al 2021). The river Sammetbach flows into the Holzmaar.…”

Section: Application Of Blank Assessment To Sediment Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

ASSESSING ¹⁴C BLANKS IN THE SMALL-SCALE ANALYSIS OF N-ALKANE COMPOUND-SPECIFIC-RADIOCARBON-ANALYSIS

Reetz,

Friedrich,

Birk

et al. 2024

Radiocarbon

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Compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) provides the possibility to date sample material at a molecular level. N-alkanes are considered as specific compounds with high potential to CSRA. As these compounds originate from plant waxes, their radiocarbon (14C) analysis can provide valuable information about the age and origin of organic materials. This helps to reconstruct and understand environmental conditions and changes in vegetation in the past. However, CSRA has two main challenges: The small sample size of CSRA samples, making them extremely sensitive to blank effects, and the input of unknown amounts of extraneous carbon during the analytical procedure. According to the previous study from Sun and co-workers, we used different-sized aliquots of leaves Fagus sylvatica (nC27, nC29) and Festuca rubra agg (nC31, nC33) as modern standards and two commercial standards (nC26, nC28) as fossil standards for blank determination. A third commercial standard (nC27) with predetermined radiocarbon content of F14C = 0.71 (14C age of 2700 BP) serves to evaluate the blank correction. We found that the blank assessment of Sun and co-workers is also applicable to n-alkanes, with a minimum sample size of 15 µg C for dependable CSRA dates. We determined that the blank introduced during the analytical procedure has a mass of (4.1 ± 0.7) µg carrying a radiocarbon content of F14C = 0.25 ± 0.05. Applying the blank correction to a sediment sample from Lake Holzmaar (Germany) shows that all four isolated n-alkanes have similar 14C ages. However, the bulk material of the sediment and branches found in the sediment core are younger than the CSRA dates. We conclude that the disparity between the actual age of analysed organic material and the age inferred from radiocarbon results, which can occur in sediment traps due to delayed deposition, is the reason for the CSRA age.

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“…Carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios and stable carbon isotope ratios ( δ 13 C) have been widely used to identify the sources and distribution of SOM (e.g., Hedges & Keil, 1995; Kim et al., 2017; and Meyers, 1997), although with limitations due to degradation, sediment winnowing, and/or anthropogenic impacts (e.g., Bianchi et al., 2002; and Yu et al., 2010). In addition, lipid biomarkers can provide more detailed clues to the sources and nature of SOM and its behavior in the changing environments (e.g., Eglinton & Eglinton, 2008; Simoneit et al., 2017; and Tesi et al., 2016). For example, n ‐alkanes are commonly used to identify the sources of SOM due to their stable chemical properties, low susceptibility to early diagenesis alteration (e.g., Wang et al., 2019), and utility in exploring the fate of SOM in coastal systems (e.g., Andersson & Meyers, 2012; Sikes et al., 2009; and Xing et al., 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Source Variability and Hydrodynamic Forces on the Distribution, Transport, and Burial of Sedimentary Organic Matter in a Tropical Coastal Margin: The Gulf of Thailand

Bai

et al. 2021

JGR Biogeosciences

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More than 80% of organic carbon (OC) is buried in estuarine continental shelves, affecting the global carbon balance (Hedges & Keil, 1995). Therefore, the distribution, sources, and migration of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) on the continental shelves are important for understanding the source-to-sink processes Abstract Carbon cycling in the tropical margin is more extensive compared with other regions of the world. The goal of this study was to better understand the origins, transport, and burial of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) in the Gulf of Thailand (GOT) from the coastal margin of Southeast (SE) Asia, which serve as a major depository of fine-grained sediments and the associated organic carbon (OC). The results revealed a variety of organic matter (OM) inputs and the selective transport of fine sediment, resulting in preferential dispersal of terrigenous SOM in the GOT. Bulk OC indices with low carbon/ nitrogen ratios and enriched stable carbon isotope ratios (−24.2‰ to −20.4‰, and mean −21.4 ± 0.56‰) are likely related to the presence of marine-derived OM and anthropogenic interference. A binary mixing model further clarified the significant contributions of terrestrial derived-OM within the upper and central GOT. The n-alkane compositions and principal component analysis indicated that a majority of the terrigenous SOM settles within the estuary in the upper GOT, while a selective dispersal of land-based SOM through long-distance transport toward the modern depocenter in the lower GOT. The characteristics of lower molecular weight n-alkanes also suggest anthropogenic OM input from petroleum-related contributions. Altogether, the depositional patterns and spatial heterogeneity of the SOM indicated by both the bulk and molecular signatures reveal the important roles of source variability and the selective dispersal of land-based OM on the supply and accumulation of OC in the tropical coastal margin. Plain Language SummaryThe accumulation and fate of sedimentary organic carbon (OC) in the tropical coastal system are significant components of the global carbon cycling. In order to elucidate the distribution and accumulation of organic matter (OM) in tropical regimes, this study first explored the concentration and composition of sedimentary OC based on the bulk and molecular-level data, and then depicted the modern transport pattern of OM in the Gulf of Thailand (GOT). This study showed terrestrial input accounted for 5%-64% (20% ± 8% on average) of the OM and dominated in the upper GOT, the offshore depocenter in the northeastern GOT and north of Samui Island. Molecular composition of n-alkanes and principal component analysis result showed that the hydrodynamic condition plays a significant role on the selective dispersal of terrigenous OM from the coastal region to the offshore depocenter. In addition, the contribution from petroleum-derived OM is also revealed based on the molecular-level evidences. The spatial heterogeneity of OM revealed the variability of the sources and hydrodynamic forces on acc...

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Lipid Biomarker Analysis of Suspended Particulate Matter from the Great Kwa River, SE Nigeria: Origins and Environmental Implications of Biogenic and Anthropogenic Organic Compounds

Cited by 9 publications

References 63 publications

Soil Perturbation in Mediterranean Ecosystems Reflected by Differences in Free-Lipid Biomarker Assemblages

Soil Perturbation in Mediterranean Ecosystems Reflected by Differences in Free-Lipid Biomarker Assemblages

ASSESSING ¹⁴C BLANKS IN THE SMALL-SCALE ANALYSIS OF N-ALKANE COMPOUND-SPECIFIC-RADIOCARBON-ANALYSIS

Impact of Source Variability and Hydrodynamic Forces on the Distribution, Transport, and Burial of Sedimentary Organic Matter in a Tropical Coastal Margin: The Gulf of Thailand

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Lipid Biomarker Analysis of Suspended Particulate Matter from the Great Kwa River, SE Nigeria: Origins and Environmental Implications of Biogenic and Anthropogenic Organic Compounds

Cited by 9 publications

References 63 publications

Soil Perturbation in Mediterranean Ecosystems Reflected by Differences in Free-Lipid Biomarker Assemblages

Soil Perturbation in Mediterranean Ecosystems Reflected by Differences in Free-Lipid Biomarker Assemblages

ASSESSING 14C BLANKS IN THE SMALL-SCALE ANALYSIS OF N-ALKANE COMPOUND-SPECIFIC-RADIOCARBON-ANALYSIS

Impact of Source Variability and Hydrodynamic Forces on the Distribution, Transport, and Burial of Sedimentary Organic Matter in a Tropical Coastal Margin: The Gulf of Thailand

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ASSESSING ¹⁴C BLANKS IN THE SMALL-SCALE ANALYSIS OF N-ALKANE COMPOUND-SPECIFIC-RADIOCARBON-ANALYSIS