Lipid Classes, Fatty Acid Composition, and Glycerolipid Molecular Species of the Red Alga <i>Gracilaria vermiculophylla</i>, a Prostaglandin-Producing Seaweed

Glycerolipid Composition of the Red Macroalga Agarophyton Chilensis and Comparison to the Closely Related Agarophyton Vermiculophyllum Producing Different Types of Eicosanoids

“…The sum of the four glycerolipids of A. chilensis accounted for 44.4% of the total lipid extract, the contents of which (mg/g of total lipids ± SD of three analyses) were higher in the order of DGDG (142.2 ± 2.9 mg/g) > SQDG (130.8 ± 6.1 mg/g) > PC (104.5 ± 3.6 mg/g) > MGDG (66.5 ± 2.7 mg/g) (Table 1). A similar order had been observed in A. vermiculophyllum in our previous report [14]: DGDG (123.7 ± 2.9 mg/g) > PC (110.7 ± 8.9 mg/g) ≈ SQDG (107.8 ± 5.8 mg/g) > MGDG (88.1 ± 1.2 mg/g). On the other hand, the composition ratio can change in some degree depending on geographical factors and the season [19].…”

“…The HPLC–evaporative light–scattering detection (ELSD) analysis clearly showed that A. chilensis contained three glyceroglycolipids—monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG)—and a phospholipid (PC), as well as some lipids such as acyl steryl glycosides (ASG) and sterols (ST) (Figure 2). Those glycerolipids were also found in other Gracilariale (e.g., A. vermiculophyllum , G. textorii , and G. gigas [14,15,16]). Da Costa et al [17].…”

“…Those phospholipids could not be detected in this study, probably because of the dynamic range and limited sensitivity of the ELSD detector [18]. Quantitative estimations of the glycerolipids (MGDG, DGDG, SQGD, and PC) were carried out by HPLC–ELSD using a calibration curve for each glycerolipid [14]. The sum of the four glycerolipids of A. chilensis accounted for 44.4% of the total lipid extract, the contents of which (mg/g of total lipids ± SD of three analyses) were higher in the order of DGDG (142.2 ± 2.9 mg/g) > SQDG (130.8 ± 6.1 mg/g) > PC (104.5 ± 3.6 mg/g) > MGDG (66.5 ± 2.7 mg/g) (Table 1).…”

“…Therefore, to discuss the differences of the arachidonic acid cascade among Gracilariales, a critical analysis of the substrates is important. Very recently, we reported lipid characteristics of A. vermiculophyllum [14]. In the present study, to carry out more in-depth discussions on the metabolic pathway of eicosanoids among Gracilariales, lipid characteristics of A. chilensis were investigate and compared with those of A. vermiculophyllum [14], which biosynthesizes the different arachidonate metabolites [4].…”

“…Very recently, we reported lipid characteristics of A. vermiculophyllum [14]. In the present study, to carry out more in-depth discussions on the metabolic pathway of eicosanoids among Gracilariales, lipid characteristics of A. chilensis were investigate and compared with those of A. vermiculophyllum [14], which biosynthesizes the different arachidonate metabolites [4]. Namely, lipid classes, fatty acid composition, and glycerolipid molecular species of A. chilensis were clarified using gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and mass spectrometry (MS), and compared with those of A. vermiculophyllum obtained from our previous study [14].…”