Lipid Composition and Chemotaxonomy of Pseudomonas putrefaciens (Alteromonas putrefaciens)

Abstract

The major polar lipids in cells of Pseudomonas putrefaciens NCIB 10472 grown on nutrient agar were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, a glucosyldiacylglycerol, a glucuronosyldiacylglycerol and an ornithine amide lipid. An additional phospholipid, tentatively identified as acyl phosphatidylglycerol or bis-phosphatidic acid, was a trace component of the wall lipids from broth cultures, which lacked the glycolipids and the ornithine amide lipid. The wall lipids from broth cultures of three further strains of P. putrefaciens (NCIB 10471, NCIB 11 156 and NCTC 10737) contained all of the above lipids, and in two cases (strains NCIB 10471 and NCIB 11 156) had an unusually high content of free fatty acid. Fatty acid compositions of the extractable lipids were qualitatively similar for all four strains : the major components were iso-pentadecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, a cis-heptadecenoic acid and a cis-hexadecenoic acid. Anteiso fatty acids were minor components in strain NCIB 10472. Lipid mixtures in which the ornithine amide lipid was present also contained small amounts of P-hydroxy fatty acids: in strain NCIB 10472 the major ones were the straight-chain and iso-branched C,, acids. Lipopolysaccharides from all four strains had similar, complex fatty acid compositions. The major non-hydroxy acids were the straight-chain and iso-branched C,, acids. P-Hydroxy acids common to all strains included the straight-chain Cll, C12, CI3, C14 and C15 acids, together with branched-chain C13 and C15 acids probably belonging to the is0 series. The lipopolysaccharide from strain NCIB 10472 also contained C12 and C,, hydroxy acids of the same series, and small amounts of C13 and CI5 /I-hydroxy acids probably belonging to the anteiso series. The close resemblance in both polar lipid and fatty acid compositions between strains of P. putrefaciens and Pseudomonas rubeseens is further evidence that these species are synonymous. Significant differences between the lipids and fatty acids of P. putrefaciens and those reported for a strain of Alteromonas haloplanktis do not harmonize with a proposal to transfer the former organism to the genus Alteromonas.

Manipulation of polyunsaturated, branchedchain and trans-fatty acid production in Shewanella putrefaciens strain ACAM 342

“…In the present study, exogenous desaturase cofactors were added to a viable culture and the effect on cellular PUFA levels monitored. Addition of desaturase cofactors to the standard medium increased the total percentage of PUFA (Wilkinson & Caudwell, 1980;Moule & Wilkinson, 1987). This in itself, however, may not be surprising.…”

“…This in itself, however, may not be surprising. Wilkinson & Caudwell (1980) did not determine the double bond position of monounsaturated fatty acids, and would therefore not have been able to identify any trans-fatty acids present. Moule & Wilkinson (1987) did identify double bond position by mass spectral analysis of picolinyl ester derivatives (Wait & Hudson, 1985).…”

Polar lipids and fatty acids of Pseudomonas caryophylli, Pseudomonas gladioli and Pseudomonas pickettii

“…), was used for descending chromatography. Electrophoresis was carried out with pyridine/acetic acid buffers of pH 3.6 or 5.3 (Wilkinson & Caudwell, 1980). Spots were detected by using ninhydrin, the HaneslIsherwood reagent for phosphates, or the periodate/Schiff reagents for 1,2-diols (Cox & Wilkinson, 1989).…”

Polyphasic taxonomic approach in the description of Alishewanella fetalis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a human foetus.

“…Fatty acids 15 : 0 iso and 13 : 0 iso were characteristic of the two Shewanella strains (CCUG 13452 and CCUG 39064) with levels of 12n2 and 7n8% (S. putrefaciens) and 26n8 and 5n9% (S. algae). Several studies have identified 15 : 0 iso and 13 : 0 iso as characteristic fatty acids of Shewanella (formerly some Pseudomonas) species (Wilkinson & Caudwell, 1980 ;Nichols et al, 1992 ;Khashe & Janda, 1998) and the lack of these fatty acids clearly places strain CCUG 30811 T in a different group. Likewise, fatty acid 18 : 1 cis11\ trans9\trans6 accounted for 7n2 % of the fatty acids in strain CCUG 30811 T , but was only detected at a level of 1n4-1n8 % in the Shewanella species.…”