Lipid Composition of Liposomal Membrane Largely Affects Its Transport and Uptake through Small Intestinal Epithelial Cell Models

Abstract

Lipid composition of liposomal bilayer should alter the cell response for permeability, transport, and uptake in small intestine. This work was done to investigate the transport and uptake of liposomes composed of docosahexaenoic acid-enriched phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) derived from marine products on multilamellar vesicles (MLV) in small intestinal epithelial cell models. The results showed that addition of PtdSer and SQDG as liposomal bilayer could improve the efficiency entrapment of liposomes. The liposomes containing PtdSer showed higher transport and uptake through both Caco-2 cell and M cell monolayers as compared to PtdCho-MLV. SQDG-containing liposomes exhibited only higher transport through M cell monolayer, while its uptake effect was higher both in Caco-2 cell and M cell monolayers. The results of experiments done with endocytosis inhibitors indicated that PtdCho-MLV must be transported via macropinocytosis and uptaken by phagocytosis in M cell monolayer model. PtdCho/PtdSer-MLV and PtdCho/ SQDG-MLV might be transported and uptaken through M cell monolayer by phagocytosis. The result also indicated that PtdCho/SQDG-MLV could open the tight junction of small intestinal epithelial cell monolayers. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that the surface status of cholesterolcontaining liposomes were smooth, but they did not affect their transport and uptake through Caco-2 cell and M cell monolayers.

Dietary Carbohydrates and Lipids in the Pathogenesis of Leaky Gut Syndrome: An Overview

“…PLs and PC are also used to improve drug absorption [101,102]. The effect of DHA-enriched PC and EPA-enriched PC on intestinal permeability had been investigated.…”

“…In this study TEER decreased down to 24% and 27% with 50 and 100 µM DHA-enriched PC, and to 25% and 30% with 50 and 100 µM EPA-enriched PC, respectively. Furthermore, Konishi et al [102] investigated the transport and uptake of liposomes composed of PC, phosphatidylserine (PS), and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) in small intestinal epithelial cell models. Liposomes containing PS exhibited higher uptake by both Caco-2 cell and M cell monolayers as compared to PC.…”

“…SQDG-containing liposomes exhibited higher transport through M cell but not Caco-2 monolayer, while its uptake was higher in both types of monolayers. Importantly, researchers evidenced that PC/SQDG could untighten the TJs of small intestinal epithelial cell monolayers [102].…”