Lipid Composition of selected tissues of the hardshell clam, Mercenaria mercenaria

Klingensmith, J S; Stillway, Lewis W.

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(82)90184-5

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Total lipid (TL) constituted 1.7 ± 0.2% of wet weight of the clams. The composition and content of TL of Meretrix lyrata ( Figure 1 and Table 1 ) was similar to that of other clams investigated previously [ 18 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Overall, hard clam species contained common lipids hydrocarbon and wax (HW), triacylglycerol (TAG), free fatty acids (FFA), sterol (ST), polar lipid (PoL) and monoalkyl diacylglycerol (MADAG).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Fatty Acid, Lipid Classes and Phospholipid Molecular Species Composition of the Marine Clam Meretrix lyrata (Sowerby 1851) from Cua Lo Beach, Nghe An Province, Vietnam

Trần

Pham

et al. 2019

Molecules

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This study aims to analyze compositions of fatty acids and phospholipid molecular species in the hard clams Meretrix lyrata (Sowerby, 1851) harvested from Cua Lo beach, Nghe An province, Viet Nam. Total lipid of hard clams Meretrix lyrata occupied 1.7 ± 0.2% of wet weight and contained six classes: hydrocarbon and wax (HW), triacylglycerol (TAG), free fatty acids (FFA), sterol (ST), polar lipid (PoL), and monoalkyl diacylglycerol (MADAG). Among the constituents, the proportion of PoL accounted was highest, at 45.7%. In contrast, the figures for MADAG were lowest, at 1.3%. Twenty-six fatty acids were identified with the ratios of USAFA/SAFA was 2. The percentage of n-3 PUFA (ω-3) and n-6 PUFA (ω-6) was high, occupying 38.4% of total FA. Among PUFAs, arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) accounted for 3.8%, 7.8%, 2.2% and 12.0% of total lipid of the clam respectively. Phospholipid molecular species were identified in polar lipids of the clams consisting six types: phosphatidylethalnolamine (PE, with 28 molecular species), phosphatidylcholine (PC, with 26 molecular species), phosphatidylserine (PS, with 18 molecular species), phosphatidylinositol (PI, with 10 molecular species), phosphatidylglycerol (PG, with only one molecular species), and ceramide aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP, with 15 molecular species). This is the first time that the molecular species of sphingophospholipid were determined, in Meretrix lyrata in particular, and for clams in general. Phospholipid formula species of PE and PS were revealed to comprise two kinds: Alkenyl acyl glycerophosphoethanolamine and Alkenyl acyl glycerophosphoserine occupy 80.3% and 81.0% of total PE and PS species, respectively. In contrast, the percentage of diacyl glycero phosphatidylcholine was twice as high as that of PakCho in total PC, at 69.3, in comparison with 30.7%. In addition, phospholipid formula species of PI and PG comprised only diacyl glycoro phospholipids. PE 36:1 (p18:0/18:1), PC 38:6 (16:0/22:6), PS 38:1 (p18:0/20:1), PI 40:5 (20:1/20:4), PG 32:0 (16:0/16:0) and CAEP 34:2 (16:2/d18:0) were the major molecular species.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Fatty Acid, Lipid Classes and Phospholipid Molecular Species Composition of the Marine Clam Meretrix lyrata (Sowerby 1851) from Cua Lo Beach, Nghe An Province, Vietnam

Trần

Pham

et al. 2019

Molecules

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“…Dark muscle contained a comparatively large amount of TGL. Most vertebrate and invertebrate muscle fibre lipids are composed mainly of phospholipids (Dittmer, 1962;Allen, 1972Allen, , 1977Klingensmith & Stillway, 1982). The unusual amount of TGL suggests that the dark muscle is a secondary lipid depot organ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variations in the lipid composition of the steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, associated with the parr‐smolt transformation

Sheridan

Allen

Kerstetter

1983

Journal of Fish Biology

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Total lipid and lipid class composition of selected tissues and serum were determined for juvenile steelhead trout Sulmo guirdneri, during the smolting period between 25 January and 19 April 1982. The total lipid content ofthe serum, liver, light muscle and dark muscle was significantly depleted during smolt transformation. Mesenteric fat total lipid concentration fluctuated little over the sampling period. Phospholipids of muscle and mesenteric fat exhibited little seasonality. Cholesterol was significantly depleted from dark muscle and liver. Large stores of triacylglycerol (TGL) in the parrs' mesenteric fat, dark muscle and liver implicate these tissues as lipid depot organs. In those tissues depleted of lipid, TGL concentrations were reduced more than any other lipid class. This supports the hypothesis that increased catabolism is the cause of loss of body fat during salmonid smolt transformation.

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“…This situation is quite different from that of many temperate bivalves, which accumulate lipids or glycogen during the growing season and utilize them for reproduction and maintenance metabolism during the rest of the year. Lipid levels of 10 to >18% of TDW have frequently been reported for temperate bivalves during the reproductive season (De Moreno et al 1976, Beukema & De Bruin 1977, Pollero et al 1979, Klingensmith & Stillway 1982, Davis & Wilson 1983, Wenne & Polak 1989. Glycogen levels comprise up to 60 to 70% of protein levels (or up to 35% of TDM) in other bivalves during the growing season (De Zwaan & Zandee 1972, Beukema & De Bruin 1977, Gabbott 1983.…”

Section: Biochemical Composition and Energy Reserves Of Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and seasonal energetics of the Antarctic bivalve Laternula elliptica from King George Island, Antarctica

Ahn¹,

Surh²,

Park³

et al. 2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The Antarctic marine environment is characterized by extreme seasonality in primary production, and herbivores must cope with a prolonged winter period of food shortage. In this study, tissue mass and biochemical composition were determined for various tissues of the bivalve Laternula elliptica (King & Broderip) over a 2 yr period, and its storage and use of energy reserves were investigated with respect to seasonal changes in food level and water temperature. Total ash-free dry mass (AFDM) accumulated rapidly following phytoplankton blooms (with peak values immediately before and after spawning) and was depleted considerably during the spawning and winter periods. Most of the variation was in the muscle, gonads and digestive gland. Spawning peaked in January and February and caused considerable protein and lipid losses in the muscle, gonads and digestive gland. In winter (March to August), the muscle and digestive gland lost considerable mass, while gonad mass increased; this suggests that the muscle tissue and digestive gland serve as major energy depots for both maintenance metabolism and gonad development in winter. There were also marked year-to-year differences in the seasonal patterns of mass variation and reproduction. Overall, the relative and absolute tissue-mass values were positively correlated with chlorophyll concentration, and were not related to water temperature; thus, for the first time, this study clearly shows that food is an important factor governing growth and gonad maturation in this bivalve. It is also noteworthy that protein, constituting ~75% of AFDM, served as the major energy reserve throughout the study, closely following the AFDM variation. In particular, during the winter months, protein comprised >60% of AFDM loss, while lipids and glycogen served as minor (< 20% each) reserves. Protein loss was most substantial in the muscle tissue, which comprised half of the body tissue. Thus, protein use, with muscle tissues as a depot for protein reserves, may be a result of selective pressure on Antarctic marine herbivores undergoing a prolonged period of food shortage in winter.

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Lipid Composition of selected tissues of the hardshell clam, Mercenaria mercenaria

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Fatty Acid, Lipid Classes and Phospholipid Molecular Species Composition of the Marine Clam Meretrix lyrata (Sowerby 1851) from Cua Lo Beach, Nghe An Province, Vietnam

Fatty Acid, Lipid Classes and Phospholipid Molecular Species Composition of the Marine Clam Meretrix lyrata (Sowerby 1851) from Cua Lo Beach, Nghe An Province, Vietnam

Seasonal variations in the lipid composition of the steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, associated with the parr‐smolt transformation

Growth and seasonal energetics of the Antarctic bivalve Laternula elliptica from King George Island, Antarctica

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