Lipid content and energy density of forage fishes from the northern Gulf of Alaska

Anthony, Jill A.; Roby, Daniel D.; Turco, Kathy R.

doi:10.1016/s0022-0981(00)00159-3

Cited by 279 publications

(211 citation statements)

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“…This representation of physical weight is found in an similar way as in Kooijman (2010). Lipid content (in dry mass) is the primary determinant of energy density (Anthony et al, 2000), and since the capelin store most of their energy as lipids in their muscle, we let ρ E = 39.3 (kJ g −1 ), which is the energy content of lipids reported in Anthony et al (2000). We do not have a measured value of ρ r and therefore find a plausible value for the simulations.…”

Section: State Variables and Observationsmentioning

confidence: 52%

A dynamic energy budget (DEB) model for the energy usage and reproduction of the Icelandic capelin (Mallotus villosus)

Einarsson

Birnir

Sigurðsson

2011

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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is closely related to bioenergetics that focuses on molecular aspects and metabolic pathways in a thermodynamic setting. DEB theory treats individuals as nonlinear dynamics systems that follow predictable patterns during their life cycle. This approach has firm physiological roots and provides a sound basis for population dynamic theories (Nisbet et al., 2000;Kooijman, 2010). We refer to Kooijman (2010) for a full description of the DEB theory. A conceptual introduction is given in Kooijman (2001), and further guides and discussion can be found in van der Meer (2006) and Sousa et al. (2008) DEB theory is ultimately the theory of life. Its aim is to describe all life forms within the same framework. The complexity of the DEB model will depend on the complexity of the species at hand. For the Icelandic capelin, we use a basic form of the DEB model with one food substrate and one type of reserve. These assumptions can be generalized (Kooijman, 2010).DEB theory has been successfully applied to anchovy (Engraulis engrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay (Pecquerie et al., 2009) where their whole life cycle was modeled. The capelin and anchovies are similar fish in size and energetics, and both store energy mostly as lipids in their muscle. We fit the DEB parameters to the data on capelin and compare the resulting parameter values to those of the anchovies, obtaining similar results.In Section 2.2 we give a brief account of the state variables of the standard DEB model which can be found in Kooijman et al. (2008). Furthermore, we introduce a new variable to account for the roe production of individuals in Section 2.4.

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Section: State Variables and Observationsmentioning

confidence: 52%

A dynamic energy budget (DEB) model for the energy usage and reproduction of the Icelandic capelin (Mallotus villosus)

Einarsson

Birnir

Sigurðsson

2011

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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“…Low counts in summer at Cape Ugat have generally corresponded to seasonal peaks in sea lion numbers at Chief Cove, ~20 km south of Cape Ugat, where sea lions have been observed to prey on salmon at setnet sites (Wynne 2005). Given their extremely high energy content (Anthony et al 2000) and local abundance, herring most likely provide an important seasonally predictable and energy-rich prey source in the nonbreeding season. Overwintering and spawning herring have also been noted as important prey for sea lions at a number of locations in southeast Alaska, where their distribution has been shown to influence the spatial distribution and abundance of Steller sea lions (Womble et al 2005, Womble & Sigler 2006.…”

Section: Steller Sea Lion Diet In Kodiak Archipelagomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sand lance were a key prey item during all seasons for Steller sea lions throughout the Kodiak Archipelago and, like herring, are high in lipid content (Anthony et al 2000). Sand lance are a small, semi-demersal, schooling species, commonly found in shallow nearshore habitats, where they burrow in fine gravel or sand substrates during darker periods, and forage diurnally in pelagic waters in densely aggregated schools close to their benthic refuge or further offshore (Robards et al 1999b, Blackburn & Anderson 1997.…”

Section: Steller Sea Lion Diet In Kodiak Archipelagomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, eulachon were only recovered in 15% of all collections (n = 47) between 1999 and 2005, and, when present, typically occurred at low frequencies (< 9% FO). Eulachon have one of the highest energy densities of any forage fish in the North Pacific, second only to northern lampfish Thaleichhthys pacificus and markedly higher than herring and sand lance (Anthony et al 2000). In some areas of southeast Alaska, prespawning aggregations of eulachon in spring are thought to be an important seasonal energy source for sea lions (Sigler et al 2004, Womble et al 2005.…”

Section: Steller Sea Lion Diet In Kodiak Archipelagomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and temporal variation in the diet of Steller sea lions in the Kodiak Archipelago, 1999 to 2005

McKenzie¹,

Wynne²

2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Spatial and temporal variation in the diet of Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus was investigated using scat (fecal) samples collected from 4 regions in the Kodiak Archipelago. Over 2700 scats with identifiable prey were collected from the northern, eastern, southern and western sides of Kodiak Island from 1999 to 2005. Of 76 prey types identified using hard remains, the most important species in terms of frequency of occurrence and numerical abundance were Pacific sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus, walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma, arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias, Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus, salmon Oncorhynchus spp., and Pacific herring Clupea pallasi. Significant differences in diet composition were found among regions, seasons, and years, suggesting that the diet of sea lions is strongly influenced by local and temporal distributions and abundances of prey. Herring dominated scat collections from the west coast and accounted for most (14 to 30%) of the differences in regional diet in spring and winter. Annual variation in diet was relatively low in winter, whereas spring and fall diets varied from year to year, with regional-specific shifts in dominant prey. Results from our study generally agree with diet studies conducted in the 1990s, but differ markedly in the relative importance of the major prey species.

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“…The high availability of small body size species in the new environment should increase the frequency of fish with a carnivorous fish diet (Novakowski et al, 2007) or even lead some omnivorous species to piscivory (Luz- Agostinho et al, 2006;Delariva et al, 2007). Although the nutritional quality of a fish-based diet should be higher than one based on other items, such as invertebrates, due to its high protein (Anthony et al, 2000) and energy content (Davis et al, 1998), the organism's response to this consumption should differ according to the species diet in the natural environment. Typically piscivorous species have preadaptations, both morphological (body size, position and size of the mouth opening, adaptations in the digestive tract) and behavioural (capture strategies of prey) (ZavalaCamim, 1996), that provides a greater profit by consuming this abundant resource after the damming than among the less specialized, that consume opportunistically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of river damming in Neotropical piscivorous and omnivorous fish: feeding, body condition and abundances

2016

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The increase in abundance of small-sized fishes is common after a reservoir is formed. There is an increase in the consumption of fish, from typically piscivorous fish to opportunistic species that take advantage of abundant resources. This study aims to evaluate the effects of diet changes induced by damming on the feeding activity and condition factor of typically piscivorous (Hoplias aff. malabaricus and Oligosarcus longirostris) and opportunistic (Astyanax lacustris (ex Astyanax altiparanae) and Pimelodus britskii). Sampling was conducted before and after the impoundment in the Iguaçu River in the region of Salto Caxias, Paraná State, Brazil. Stomach contents were analysed by the volumetric method. Feeding activity and body condition were inferred by the mean stomach repletion index and the mean condition factor. Typically piscivorous species presented a general tendency of decreased feeding activity and increased condition factor, while opportunistic species, presented a decrease in condition and feeding activity in the most affected sites. The increase in the condition factor of piscivorous fish suggests that these species benefit by the increased abundance of small size prey fish. Some opportunist species that do not have adjustments for the piscivorous diet, regardless of the intensity of consumption and resource availability, can suffer negative reflex when adopting a piscivorous diet.O aumento na abundância de peixes de pequeno porte é comum logo após a formação de um reservatório, levando a um aumento no consumo de peixes, tanto por peixes piscívoros como oportunistas que se aproveitam do recurso abundante. Esse estudo visa avaliar os efeitos da mudança de dieta induzida pelo represamento na atividade alimentar e condição nutricional, tanto de espécies piscívoras (Hoplias aff. malabaricus e Oligosarcus longirostris) quanto de espécies oportunistas (Astyanax lacustris (ex Astyanax altiparanae) e Pimelodus britskii). Para tanto, foram realizadas amostragens nas fases pré e pós-represamento no rio Iguaçu na região de Salto Caxias, Paraná, Brasil. Os conteúdos estomacais foram avaliados pelo método volumétrico. A atividade alimentar foi determinada pelo índice de repleção estomacal e a condição nutricional através do fator de condição relativo. As espécies tipicamente piscívoras apresentaram, em geral, incremento no fator de condição e queda na atividade alimentar e a espécie mais oportunista apresentou queda no fator de condição e índice de repleção nas regiões mais afetadas pelo represamento. O aumento no fator de condição de espécies piscívoras sugere que estas se beneficiam pelo aumento de abundância das espécies de pequeno porte. Enquanto espécies que não possuem adaptações para uma dieta piscívora, independente da intensidade de consumo e disponibilidade desse recurso, podem sofrer reflexos negativos em sua condição nutricional, em detrimento da ausência de pré-adaptações à piscivoria.

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Lipid content and energy density of forage fishes from the northern Gulf of Alaska

Cited by 279 publications

References 32 publications

A dynamic energy budget (DEB) model for the energy usage and reproduction of the Icelandic capelin (Mallotus villosus)

A dynamic energy budget (DEB) model for the energy usage and reproduction of the Icelandic capelin (Mallotus villosus)

Spatial and temporal variation in the diet of Steller sea lions in the Kodiak Archipelago, 1999 to 2005

Effects of river damming in Neotropical piscivorous and omnivorous fish: feeding, body condition and abundances

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