Lipid Dependence of Xanthophyll Cycling in Higher Plants and Algae

Goss, Reimund; Latowski, Dariusz

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00455

Cited by 64 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 210 publications

(296 reference statements)

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“…The bilayer-forming lipids with large head groups, such as DGDG, SQDG, PC, PG, and the decreased content of long-chain PUFAs exhibit a cylindrical shape and form the lamellar Lα phase [72,[93][94][95][96]. However, the increased ratio of DGDG to MGDG enhanced the stability of the thylakoid membrane [72].…”

Section: Plants Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In chloroplasts, H II can be established by MGDG, but in vitro VDE can also be stimulated by binding to PE [106]. The xanthophyll cycle pigments are located in the hydrophobic region of membrane with an easy access to the H II phase [93,107].…”

Section: Lipids In Xanthophyll Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the type of the lipid phase produced by lipids in the aqueous systems, we differentiate the nonbilayer- and bilayer-forming lipids. Nonbilayer-forming lipids form the ordered solid phases and bilayer-forming ones—liquid-disordered phases [ 93 ] (Fig. 3 ).…”

Section: Lipids Organization In Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipids Composition in Plant Membranes

Reszczyńska

Hanaka

2020

Cell Biochem Biophys

127

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The paper focuses on the selected plant lipid issues. Classification, nomenclature, and abundance of fatty acids was discussed. Then, classification, composition, role, and organization of lipids were displayed. The involvement of lipids in xantophyll cycle and glycerolipids synthesis (as the most abundant of all lipid classes) were also discussed. Moreover, in order to better understand the biomembranes remodeling, the model (artificial) membranes, mimicking the naturally occurring membranes are employed and the survey on their composition and application in different kind of research was performed. High level of lipids remodeling in the plant membranes under different environmental conditions, e.g., nutrient deficiency, temperature stress, salinity or drought was proved. The key advantage of lipid research was the conclusion that lipids could serve as the markers of plant physiological condition and the detailed knowledge on lipids chemistry will allow to modify their composition for industrial needs.

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Section: Plants Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lipids In Xanthophyll Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipids Composition in Plant Membranes

Reszczyńska

Hanaka

2020

Cell Biochem Biophys

127

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“…Since then, as will be discussed throughout this review, in vivo de‐epoxidation of V to form Z in the dark has been regularly observed, typically under abiotic stress scenarios, but surprisingly, frequently reported without further discussion (Zorn et al ., 2001). Furthermore, most recent reviews on photoprotection still state that de‐epoxidation of V only occurs in the light (Moejes et al ., 2017; Pinnola & Bassi, 2018; Ruban, 2018; Kaiser & Galvis, 2019; Goss & Latowski, 2020). This is, in part, logical since evidence questioning previous paradigms frequently encounter resistance among the research community, but it also has provided stimulus to write this review.…”

Section: Introduction: the Xanthophyll Cycle Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding light on the dark side of xanthophyll cycles

et al. 2021

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Summary Xanthophyll cycles are broadly important in photoprotection, and the reversible de‐epoxidation of xanthophylls typically occurs in excess light conditions. However, as presented in this review, compiling evidence in a wide range of photosynthetic eukaryotes shows that xanthophyll de‐epoxidation also occurs under diverse abiotic stress conditions in darkness. Light‐driven photochemistry usually leads to the pH changes that activate de‐epoxidases (e.g. violaxanthin de‐epoxidase), but in darkness alternative electron transport pathways and luminal domains enriched in monogalactosyl diacyl glycerol (which enhance de‐epoxidase activity) likely enable de‐epoxidation. Another ‘dark side’ to sustaining xanthophyll de‐epoxidation is inactivation and/or degradation of epoxidases (e.g. zeaxanthin epoxidase). There are obvious benefits of such activity regarding stress tolerance, and indeed this phenomenon has only been reported in stressful conditions. However, more research is required to unravel the mechanisms and understand the physiological roles of dark‐induced formation of zeaxanthin. Notably, the de‐epoxidation of violaxanthin to antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin in darkness is still a frequently ignored process, perhaps because it questions a previous paradigm. With that in mind, this review seeks to shed some light on the dark side of xanthophyll de‐epoxidation, and point out areas for future work.

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“…This whole process of violaxanthin biosynthesis is also known as xanthophyll cycle-I. This cycle occurs in all members of green and brown algae while in the case of red algae it occurs partially [84].…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Xanthophyllsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis and extraction of high-value carotenoid from algae

Gupta

Seth²,

Maheshwari

et al. 2021

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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Algae possess a considerable potential as bio-refinery for the scale-up production of high-value natural compounds like—carotenoids. Carotenoids are accessory pigments in the light-harvesting apparatus and also act as antioxidants and photo-protectors in green cells. They play important roles for humans, like—precursors of vitamin A, reduce the risk of some cancers, helps in the prevention of age-related diseases, cardiovascular diseases, improve skin health, and stimulates immunity. To date, about 850 types of natural carotenoid compounds have been reported and they have approximated 1.8 billion US$ of global market value. In comparison to land plants, there are few reports on biosynthetic pathways and molecular level regulation of algal carotenogenesis. Recent advances of algal genome sequencing, data created by high-throughput technologies and transcriptome studies, enables a better understanding of the origin and evolution of de novo carotenoid biosynthesis pathways in algae. Here in this review, we focused on, the biochemical and molecular mechanism of carotenoid biosynthesis in algae. Additionally, structural features of different carotenoids are elaborated from a chemistry point of view. Furthermore, current understandings of the techniques designed for pigment extraction from algae are reviewed. In the last section, applications of different carotenoids are elucidated and the growth potential of the global market value of carotenoids are also discussed.

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Lipid Dependence of Xanthophyll Cycling in Higher Plants and Algae

Cited by 64 publications

References 210 publications

Lipids Composition in Plant Membranes

Lipids Composition in Plant Membranes

Shedding light on the dark side of xanthophyll cycles

Biosynthesis and extraction of high-value carotenoid from algae

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