Lipid Deposition and Mobilisation in Atlantic Salmon Adipocytes

Bou, Marta; Wang, Xinxia; Todorčević, Marijana; Østbye, Tone-Kari K; Torgersen, Jacob; Ruyter, Bente

doi:10.3390/ijms21072332

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…N-3 HUFAs have been widely reported to prevent TAG overload in human adipose tissue as well as adipose tissue inflammation (reviewed in [30]). We have previously shown that Atlantic salmon adipocytes cultivated in n-3 HUFAs enriched medium had lower TAG levels than cells cultivated in a medium supplemented with OA [3,12,13,31]. In the present study, we found that DHA treatment suppressed lipid accumulation, as shown by a decrease in lipid droplet formation and lipid droplet area.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Similarly, a long-term feeding trial showed that reduced dietary levels of EPA and DHA significantly increased the fat deposition around the viscera in Atlantic salmon [6]. In addition, oleic acid (OA) which is highly present in vegetable oils, lead to a higher lipid accumulation in Atlantic salmon adipocytes in culture compared to EPA and DHA [12,13]. As in mammals, the primary function of adipocytes and adipose tissue in Atlantic salmon is to store lipids effectively, to prevent lipotoxicity in other tissues and to sequester fat-soluble biomolecules [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DHA Modulates Immune Response and Mitochondrial Function of Atlantic Salmon Adipocytes after LPS Treatment

Bou

Torgersen

Østbye

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Adipocytes play a central role in overall energy homeostasis and are important contributors to the immune system. Fatty acids (FAs) act as signaling molecules capable to modulate adipocyte metabolism and functions. To identify the effects of two commonly used FAs in Atlantic salmon diets, primary adipocytes were cultured in the presence of oleic (OA) or docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid. DHA decreased adipocyte lipid droplet number and area compared to OA. The increase in lipid load in OA treated adipocytes was paralleled by an increase in iNOS activity and mitochondrial SOD2-GFP activity, which was probably directed to counteract increase in oxidative stress. Under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation, DHA had a greater anti-inflammatory effect than OA, as evidenced by the higher SOD2 activity and the transcriptional regulation of antioxidant enzymes and pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. In addition, DHA maintained a healthy mitochondrial structure under induced inflammation while OA led to elongated mitochondria with a thin thread like structures in adipocytes exposed to LPS. Overall, DHA possess anti-inflammatory properties and protects Atlantic salmon against oxidative stress and limits lipid deposition. Furthermore, DHA plays a key role in protecting mitochondria shape and function.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DHA Modulates Immune Response and Mitochondrial Function of Atlantic Salmon Adipocytes after LPS Treatment

Bou

Torgersen

Østbye

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Similarly, OA-induced CLD accumulation has also been observed in other cell types such as HepG2 hepatocytes (Eynaudi et al, 2021), pancreatic b-cells (Cnop et al, 2001), bovine mammary epithelial cells (Yonezawa et al, 2004a) and H9C2 cardiomyoblasts (Akoumi et al, 2017). In vitro studies in adipocytes isolated from Atlantic salmon have demonstrated the increased CLDs in response to OA treatment (Todorcevićet al, 2008;Bou et al, 2020). In addition to in vitro studies, several in vivo studies in fish have shown similar mechanisms of excessive LD accumulation in intestinal tissue in response to diets containing vegetable oils high in MUFA (Fontagneé t al., 1998;Olsen et al, 1999;Olsen et al, 2000;Caballero et al, 2002;Caballero et al, 2003;Olsen et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Intracellular trafficking of fatty acids in the fish intestinal epithelial cell line RTgutGC

Selvam

Saito²,

Sissener³

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The shift towards higher inclusion of vegetable oils (VOs) in aquafeeds has resulted in major changes in dietary fatty acid composition, especially increased amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs). However, little is known about how this change in fatty acid (FA) profile affects the intracellular fate of these fatty acids in the intestinal cells. To investigate this topic, we used the rainbow trout intestinal epithelial cell line (RTgutGC) as an in vitro model. The cells were incubated with either palmitic acid (16:0, PA), oleic acid (18:1n-9, OA), or arachidonic acid (20:4n-6, ARA), to represent the SFA, MUFA, and PUFA, respectively. In all experiments, the RTgutGC were incubated with either non-labeled or radiolabeled FA (PA, OA, or ARA) for 16 h at 190C. The cells were then analyzed for the occurrence of cytosolic lipid droplets (CLD) with confocal microscopy, transcriptomic analysis (non-labeled FA experiments) and lipid class composition in the cells and serosal media from the basolateral side of the cells (radiolabeled FA experiments). CLD accumulation was higher in RTgutGC exposed to OA compared to cells given PA or ARA. This was coupled with increased volume, diameter, and surface area of CLDs in OA treated cells than with other FAs (PA, ARA). The results from radiolabeled FAs performed on permeable transwell inserts showed that OA increased the triacylglycerides (TAG) synthesis and was primarily stored in the cells in CLDs; whereas a significant amount of ARA was transported as TAG to the basolateral compartment. A significant proportion of free FAs was found to be excreted to the serosal basolateral side by the cells, which was significantly higher for PA and OA than ARA. Although there were clear clusters in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for each treatment group, results from transcriptomics did not correlate to lipid transport and CLD analysis. Overall, the accumulation of TAG in CLDs was higher for oleic acid (OA) compared to arachidonic acid (ARA) and palmitic acid (PA). To conclude, carbon chain length and saturation level of FA differently regulate their intracellular fate during fatty acid absorption.

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“…Adult Atlantic salmon use energy reserves for gamete production and for reproductive activity. Reproduction is a metabolically expensive process and reproductive physiology is affected by a variety of endogenous signals providing information on the energy status of an organism (Bou et al 2020). In particular, lipids play a key role in determining the timing of maturity (Bou et al 2020).…”

Section: Metabolomics Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reproduction is a metabolically expensive process and reproductive physiology is affected by a variety of endogenous signals providing information on the energy status of an organism (Bou et al 2020). In particular, lipids play a key role in determining the timing of maturity (Bou et al 2020). Due to their unique physiology and life cycle, lipid transport in wild salmon has been of great interest to the scientific community.…”

Section: Metabolomics Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The plasma metabolome of Atlantic salmon as studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy using standard operating procedures: effect of aquaculture location and growth stage

et al. 2021

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Introduction Metabolomics applications to the aquaculture research are increasing steadily. The use of standardized proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) spectroscopy can provide the aquaculture industry with an unbiased, reproducible, and high-throughput screening tool, which can help to diagnose nutritional and disease-related metabolic disorders in farmed fish. Objective Standard operating procedures developed for analysing (human) plasma by 1 H NMR were applied to fingerprint the metabolome in plasma samples collected from Atlantic salmon. The aim was to explore the metabolome of salmon plasma in relation to growth stage and sampling site. Methods A total of 72 salmon were collected from three aquaculture sites in Norway (Lat. 65, 67, and 70 °N) and over two sampling events (December 2017 and November 2018). Plasma drawn from each salmon was measured by 1 H NMR and metabolites were quantified using the SigMa software. The NMR data was analysed by principal component analysis (PCA) and ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA). Results Important metabolic differences were evidenced, with adult salmon having a much higher content of very lowdensity lipoproteins and cholesterol in their plasma, while smolts displayed significantly higher levels of propylene glycol. Overall, 24% of the metabolite variation was due to the growth stage, whereas 12% of the metabolite variation was related to the aquaculture site and practice (p < 0.001). ConclusionThis study provides a baseline investigation of the plasma metabolome of the Atlantic salmon and demonstrates how 1 H NMR metabolomics can be used in future investigations for comparing aquaculture practices and their influence on the fish metabolome.

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Lipid Deposition and Mobilisation in Atlantic Salmon Adipocytes

Cited by 11 publications

References 70 publications

DHA Modulates Immune Response and Mitochondrial Function of Atlantic Salmon Adipocytes after LPS Treatment

DHA Modulates Immune Response and Mitochondrial Function of Atlantic Salmon Adipocytes after LPS Treatment

Intracellular trafficking of fatty acids in the fish intestinal epithelial cell line RTgutGC

The plasma metabolome of Atlantic salmon as studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy using standard operating procedures: effect of aquaculture location and growth stage

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