Lipid deposits in ageing human arteries, tendons and fascia

Adams, C. W. M.; Bayliss, O. B.; Baker, R. W. R.; Abdulla, Y.H.; Hunter-Craig, C J

doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(74)80007-9

Cited by 45 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…24 In fascia, lipids are present in the form of extracellular, finely dispersed deposits dispersed along the axes of collagen fibers, with a trend toward higher concentrations in older patients. 25 More recently, a novel fat depot termed intermuscular adipose tissue has been identified, which exists between skeletal muscle bundles and beneath the muscle fascia. 26 Perivascular lipids have also been identified in adipocytes along blood vessels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Detection of the Brachial Plexus for Peripheral Nerve Blocks

Brynolf¹,

Sommer

Desjardins

et al. 2011

Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Detection of the Brachial Plexus for Peripheral Nerve Blocks

Brynolf¹,

Sommer

Desjardins

et al. 2011

Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Cholesterol is an insoluble eukaryotic lipid found in membranes throughout the human body, most notably in the plasma membrane. Its accumulation in tissue increases with age [16][17][18] . Furthermore, chronic inflammation causes cholesterol loading into macrophage rich tissue 19 .…”

Section: Figure 1 Cholesterol Dependent Inhibition Sars-cov-2 Viral mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of high cholesterol in age-related COVID19 lethality

Wang

Yuan

Pavel

et al. 2020

Preprint

132

177

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) is a respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originating in Wuhan China in 2019. The disease in notably severe in elderly and those with underlying chronic conditions. The molecular mechanism as to why the elderly are vulnerable and why children are resistant is largely unknown. Understanding these differences is critical for safeguarding the vulnerable and guiding effective policy and treatments. Here we show loading cells with cholesterol from blood serum using the cholesterol transport protein apolipoprotein E (apoE) enhances the endocytic entry of pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2. Super resolution imaging of the SARS-CoV-2 entry point with high cholesterol showed markedly increased apparent diameter (~10% to 100 nm) and almost twice the total number of viral entry points. The cholesterol concomitantly traffics angiotensinogen converting enzyme (ACE2) to the viral entry site where SARS-CoV-2 docks to properly exploit entry into the cell. Furthermore, we show cholesterol enhances binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the cell surface which increases association with the endocytic pathway. Decreasing cellular cholesterol has the opposite effect. Based on these findings and known loading of cholesterol into peripheral tissue during aging and inflammation, we build a cholesterol dependent model for COVID19 lethality in elderly and the chronically ill. As cholesterol increases with age and inflammation (e.g. smoking and diabetes), the cell surface is coated with viral entry points and optimally assembled viral entry proteins. Importantly our model suggests high levels of cholesterol is most alarming in the tissue, not the blood. In fact, rapidly dropping cholesterol in the blood may indicate severe loading of cholesterol in peripheral tissue and a dangerous situation for escalated SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) oppose the effects of cholesterol and provide a molecular basis for eating healthy diets to avoid severe cases of COVID19.

show abstract

“…1999). Similarly, age‐related microscopic and biochemical pathological changes including tenocyte degeneration, accumulation of lipids, amorphous ECM and calcium deposits can be seen as early as age 15 years in the Achilles, biceps brachii, tibialis anterior, quadriceps and patellar tendons (Adams et al. 1974).…”

Section: Enthesopathies In Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where tendons and ligaments meet bone: attachment sites (‘entheses’) in relation to exercise and/or mechanical load

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Entheses (insertion sites, osteotendinous junctions, osteoligamentous junctions) are sites of stress concentration at the region where tendons and ligaments attach to bone. Consequently, they are commonly subject to overuse injuries (enthesopathies) that are well documented in a number of sports. In this review, we focus on the structurefunction correlations of entheses on both the hard and the soft tissue sides of the junction. Particular attention is paid to mechanical factors that influence form and function and thus to exploring the relationship between entheses and exercise. The molecular parameters indicative of adaptation to mechanical stress are evaluated, and the basis on which entheses are classified is explained. The application of the 'enthesis organ' concept (a collection of tissues adjacent to the enthesis itself, which jointly serve the common function of stress dissipation) to understanding enthesopathies is considered and novel roles of adipose tissue at entheses are reviewed. A distinction is made between different locations of fat at entheses, and possible functions include space-filling and proprioception. The basic anchorage role of entheses is considered in detail and comparisons are explored between entheses and other biological 'anchorage' sites. The ability of entheses for self-repair is emphasized and a range of enthesopathies common in sport are reviewed (e.g. tennis elbow, golfer's elbow, jumper's knee, plantar fasciitis and Achilles insertional tendinopathies). Attention is drawn to the degenerative, rather than inflammatory, nature of most enthesopathies in sport. The biomechanical factors contributing to the development of enthesopathies are reviewed and the importance of considering the muscle-tendon-bone unit as a whole is recognized. Bony spur formation is assessed in relation to other changes at entheses which parallel those in osteoarthritic synovial joints.

show abstract

Lipid deposits in ageing human arteries, tendons and fascia

Cited by 45 publications

References 19 publications

Optical Detection of the Brachial Plexus for Peripheral Nerve Blocks

Optical Detection of the Brachial Plexus for Peripheral Nerve Blocks

The role of high cholesterol in age-related COVID19 lethality

Where tendons and ligaments meet bone: attachment sites (‘entheses’) in relation to exercise and/or mechanical load

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About