Lipid extraction of high‐moisture sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) stones by supercritical carbon dioxide

Abstract

BACKGROUNDSour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) stones are the major byproduct of the cherry industry and the efficient management of this biowaste can lead to achieving the food processing sustainability aimed at by the modern food industry. Despite its significant content of lipids, the valorization of cherry stone waste as feedstock for lipid extraction appears to be limited due to the high moisture content. This study explores the primary factors that affect the yield of lipid extraction using Soxhlet, Randall and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction methods, with a particular emphasis on yield optimization for green extraction technologies (scCO2).RESULTSThe investigation revealed an increased lipid extraction yield for scCO2 from 7.4 for dry crushed stones to 20.6 g per 100 g dry weight when the cherry kernels are separated. The high initial moisture content affected all three extraction methods, but mostly impacted the scCO2 extraction, resulting in the co‐extraction of an aqueous phase. Lipid and aqueous yield could be manipulated by time, temperature and pressure. However, no observable influence on the composition of fatty acid methyl esters was detected.CONCLUSIONNumerous approaches are shown to enhance the lipid yield from cherry stone waste, depending on the desired outcome. When dealing with wet samples, Randall extraction proves to be the most effective method. On the other hand, scCO2 extraction presents distinct advantages, such as the extraction of food‐grade lipids and the co‐extraction of a unique aqueous phase, which comes at the expense of a reduced lipid yield. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Possibilities of Utilising Biomass Collected from Road Verges to Produce Biogas and Biodiesel

“…Furthermore, the residual solid fraction resulting from lignin and FAME extraction underwent AD under mesophilic conditions, yielding CH 4 at a rate of 360 NL kg VS −1 [37]. The FAME composition derived from cherry stone waste indicated a notable unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio [38]. Similarly, herbal waste exhibited higher amounts of unsaturated FAMEs compared to saturated ones, with linoleic acid identified as the major polyunsaturated FAME and palmitic acid as the major saturated FAME [39].…”

“…Biodiesel, primarily comprising Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs), can be derived from various waste biomasses, including olive pomace oil [30], cooking palm oil [31], beef tallow [32], fish fat [33], chicken fat [34], citrus wax [35], and sewage sludge [36]. Additionally, biodiesel production from spent coffee grounds [37], cherry stone waste [38], and herbal waste [39] represents another feasible approach to resource utilisation. This not only aids in reducing crude oil consumption but also contributes to mitigating GHG emissions and air pollution.…”

Valorization of guabirobeira leaf extracts (Campomanesia xanthocarpa) through pressurized liquid extraction and aqueous infusion: assessment of phytochemical composition, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities

“…Although the operating conditions for the extraction methods, PLE and AI, were not the same in obtaining extracts from guabirobeira leaves, the focus of the study was to evaluate a nonconventional method against a conventional one. Kniepkamp et al 57 investigated the main factors affecting the lipid extraction yield of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) stones using different extraction methods: Soxhlet, Randall, and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ), with a focus on optimizing the yield for green extraction technologies (scCO 2 ). Operational conditions (time, temperature, and solvent volume) were varied for all three extraction methods.…”