Lipid-lowering therapies in peripheral artery disease: A review

Skeik, Nedaa; Nowariak, Meagan; Smith, Jenna; Alexander, Jason Q.; Manunga, Jesse; Mirza, Aleem K.; Sullivan, Timothy M.

doi:10.1177/1358863x20957091

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The evolocumab group had a 21% reduction in the primary endpoint (HR 0.79, CI 0.66–0.94, p = 0.0098) and a 42% reduction (HR 0.58, CI 0.38–0.88, p = 0.0093) in MALE [ 59 ]. Additionally, the absolute risk reduction in the primary endpoint was higher in the PAD subgroup than in those without PAD (3.5% vs. 1.6%) [ 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Role Of Pcsk9 Inhibitors In Patients With Padmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Peripheral Artery Disease

Belur

Shah

Virani

et al. 2022

JCM

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Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial, lipoprotein-driven condition that leads to plaque formation within the arterial tree, leading to subsequent arterial stenosis and thrombosis that accounts for a large burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally. Atherosclerosis of the lower extremities is called peripheral artery disease and is a major cause of loss in mobility, amputation, and critical limb ischemia. Peripheral artery disease is a common condition with a gamut of clinical manifestations that affects an estimated 10 million people in the United States of America and 200 million people worldwide. The role of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, such as LDL and remnant lipoproteins in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, is well-established. The focus of this paper is to review existing data on lipid-lowering therapies in lower extremity atherosclerotic peripheral artery disease.

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Section: Role Of Pcsk9 Inhibitors In Patients With Padmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Peripheral Artery Disease

Belur

Shah

Virani

et al. 2022

JCM

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“…In particular, PCSK9 protein binds to LDLR and then facilitates the degradtion of LDLR, leading to blocking the recycle of LDLR and consequently inhibiting LDL uptake from blood into hepatocyte. For this function of PCSK9, PCSK9 inhibitors are emerging as an additional lipid-lowering therapy for patients with artery disease [41]. Interestingly, a few statin drugs including atorvastatin are known to induce transcriptional expression of PCSK9, which may explain of the limitation of statin treatment in some patients [42,43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Constituents with Inhibitory Activities on Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/kexin Type 9 Expression from the Aerial Parts of Penthorum chinense

Pel¹,

Chae²,

Cho³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Penthorum chinense has been used in East Asia for the treatment of cholecystitis, infectious hepatitis, and jaundice. So far there is no report regarding proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitory constituents from this plant. The aim of the present study was to discover new active constituents with PCSK9 expression inhibitory activities from P. chinenseMethods: All structures were established by interpreting NMR spectroscopic data and MS data. Further experimental and calculated ECD data were used to determine the absolute configuration of the two new neolignans. To monitor the inhibitory activity on proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) mRNA expression and PCSK9-low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) interaction, quantitative real time-PCR, Western blot analysis, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method by a PCSK9-biotinylated-LDLR binding assay were performed.Results: 39 compounds were isolated and identified including two new oxepine-type neolignans, penthorinols A (1) and B (2) and a naturally occurring chalcone, 6'-hydroxy-2'-methoxychalcone-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (20). Of all tested compounds, penthorin A (4) and methyl gallate (25) were found to suppress PCSK9 mRNA expression with IC50 values of 15.56 and 11.66 µM, respectively. Furthermore, penthorin A (4) and methyl gallate (25) downregulated PCSK9 protein expression. However, all compounds seemed to be inactive in PCSK9-LDLR interaction.Conclusion: In the present study, two new compounds was discovered from this plant and active constituents with PCSK9 expression inhibitory activities were suggested.

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“…It is an established treatment for PAD that is complicated by severe hypercholesterolemia 7,8) or elevated lipoprotein (a) 9,10) . Due to the strict target serum cholesterol level recommended for this population 11,12) and the current progress in lipidlowering medications, most patients with PAD are without such conditions 13,14) .…”

Section: Lipoprotein Apheresismentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipoprotein Apheresis Alleviates Treatment-Resistant Peripheral Artery Disease Despite the Normal Range of Atherogenic Lipoproteins: The LETS-PAD Study

Ueda,

Ishiga,

Wakui

et al. 2024

JAT

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Aim: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) severely impairs patient prognosis and quality of life (QOL). Although lipoprotein apheresis (LA) has been applied to patients with PAD and elevated serum atherogenic lipoproteins, we hypothesized that LA can be effective for treating PAD even in patients with controlled serum lipoproteins through pleiotropic anti-atherosclerotic effects beyond lipoprotein removal. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of LA in patients with treatment-resistant PAD and controlled serum lipoproteins focusing on QOL. Methods: In a single-arm prospective study, 30 patients with refractory PAD who had controlled serum lipoproteins underwent sequential LA sessions using dextran sulfate adsorption columns, aiming to complete 10 sessions. The ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) and vascular QOL (VascuQOL) score were evaluated as the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included reactive hyperemia index (RHI) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) as an endothelial function test and serum antioxidative-capacity evaluation, respectively. Results: ABI significantly increased after LA sessions (pre-treatment 0.60±0.09 vs. post-treatment 0.65±0.13, p = 0.023). Total VascuQOL score (3.7±1.1 vs 4.6±1.1, p＜0.001) and RHI (1.70±0.74 vs 2.34±1.76, p = 0.023) significantly improved after the LA sessions. BAP tended to increase after the LA sessions, and the change reached statistical significance 3 months after treatment. Conclusion: ABI and QOL improved after a series of LA sessions in conventional treatment-resistant PAD patients with controlled serum lipoprotein levels. Increased antioxidative capacity and ameliorated endothelial function were observed after the LA treatment.

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Lipid-lowering therapies in peripheral artery disease: A review

Cited by 12 publications

References 55 publications

Role of Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Peripheral Artery Disease

Role of Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Peripheral Artery Disease

Chemical Constituents with Inhibitory Activities on Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/kexin Type 9 Expression from the Aerial Parts of Penthorum chinense

Lipoprotein Apheresis Alleviates Treatment-Resistant Peripheral Artery Disease Despite the Normal Range of Atherogenic Lipoproteins: The LETS-PAD Study

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