Lipid Metabolic Response, Peroxidation, and Antioxidant Defence Status of Juvenile Lined Seahorse, Hippocampus erectus, Fed with Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids Enriched Artemia Nauplii

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Artemia nauplii enriched with different concentrations of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) on the lipid metabolic response, peroxidation, and antioxidant defence status of the lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) juveniles. Twenty-day-old juveniles were fed Artemia nauplii enriched with four different concentrations (0.0 μL/L [control, A], 13.5 μL/L [B], 27.0 μL/L [C], and 54.0 μL/L [D]) of HUFAs (two thirds DHA and one third EPA) for 30 d. The activities of lipase and lipoproteinlipase of the juveniles significantly increased with increasing HUFA concentration; however, the activities of malate dehydrogenase and lactate content decreased with increasing HUFA concentration. Alkaline phosphatase activity and pyruvic acid content were not significantly different among the three treatments and the control. Malonaldehyde content was significantly negatively related to the enrichment concentrations (in Treatments A, B, and C); however, it increased significantly in Treatment D. The activities of superoxide dismutase in Treatments A and B were significantly higher than that in Treatments C and D. Catalase activity increased significantly from the control to Treatment C, then decreased significantly in Treatment D. Glutathione peroxidase activities increased significantly with increasing concentration of HUFAs, and peaked in Treatment D.The results indicate that dietary HUFAs are able to modify some enzymatic activities, and moderate dietary HUFA supplementation significantly promotes lipid metabolism and reduces lipid peroxidation products by enhancing antioxidant defence in the juveniles. However, excess HUFAs may result in adverse effects on the enzymatic activities in the juveniles, which might be related to oxidative stress.Seahorses are high-value fish species in both medicinal and aquarium trades. In China, seahorses are named as "animal ginseng."

Effects of dietary lipid sources on growth performance, lipid metabolism and antioxidant status of juvenile Russian sturgeonAcipenser gueldenstaedtii

“…One unit of MDH oxidizes 1 μmol of NADH per min at 25 °C and pH 7.4 under the specified conditions (Yin et al . ).…”

“…The decrease in absorbance at 340 nm due to the oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide plus hydrogen (NADH) was measured to determine MDH activity. One unit of MDH oxidizes 1 lmol of NADH per min at 25°C and pH 7.4 under the specified conditions (Yin et al 2012).…”

Growth and survival of Hippocampus erectus (Perry, 1810) juveniles fed on Artemia with different HUFA levels

“…On these stages there is a great energy demand because the rapid growth of fishes. DHA promotes a better development and function of motocondria, and a higher production of enzymes and coenzimes with a central position in the metabolism (Olivotto et al, 2011;Yin & Tang, 2012).…”

Avances en el cultivo de Hippocampus spp. (Teleostei: Syngnathidae): investigaciones en el siglo XXI

“…Koldewey & Martin-Smith (2010) publican una extensa revisión del estado mundial de la acuicultura de caballito de mar desde un punto de vista técnico, económico y social. Desde entonces, se ha generado mucha información que permite, a la fecha, tener un mejor conocimiento de aspectos como: efecto de los factores físicos y químicos en el desempeño de diferentes especies de caballito de mar en cautiverio Anderson et al, 2011;Martínez-Cárdenas & Purser, 2011;Pawar et al, 2011;Aurélio et al, 2013;Planas et al, 2013;Blanco et al, 2014;Qin et al, 2014;Faleiro et al, 2015;Hora et al, 2016;Martínez-Cárdenas & Purser, 2016;Mascaró et al, 2016); cultivo y nutrición de juveniles (Faleiro & Narciso, 2010, 2013aOtero-Ferrer et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2010Zhang et al, , 2011Zhang et al, , 2015aZhang et al, , 2015bPalma et al, 2011;Celino et al, 2012;Planas et al, 2012;Willadino et al, 2012;Yin et al, 2012;García-Manchón et al, 2013;Pham & Lin, 2013;Souza-Santos et al, 2013;Sanaye et al, 2014;Vite-García et al, 2014a, 2014bBlanco et al, 2015;Mélo et al, 2015;Novelli et al, 2015Novelli et al, , 2016; y mantenimiento y reproducción de adultos (Planas et al, 2010(Planas et al, , 2013…”

“…Se ha demostrado que el enriquecimiento de las dietas con ácidos grasos tiene efectos benéficos en la calidad de los ovocitos producidos por las hembras, y el perfil de ácidos grasos de la dieta tiene un efecto directo sobre su perfil en los huevos (Planas et al, 2010;Saavedra et al, 2013Saavedra et al, , 2015. Asimismo, estudios recientes han demostrado que el contenido de ácidos grasos altamente insaturados de cadena larga en la dieta, en particular el ADH, es un factor indispensable en el buen desempeño (crecimiento y supervivencia) de juveniles de H. erectus (Vite-García et al, 2014b;Zhang et al, 2015a), ya que cumplen funciones importantes como promover el metabolismo de lípidos, reducir los productos de la peroxidación de lípidos y mejorar la defensa antioxidante en los juveniles (Yin et al, 2012). Un reflejo de la importancia del ADH en juveniles de caballito de mar, lo demuestra el elevado contenido de lípidos en recién nacidos de H. erectus (>20%) y de H. guttulatus (16-17%), siendo el ácido graso más abundante en la primera especie y el segundo de importancia en la última (Faleiro & Narciso, 2010, 2013a, 2013bVite-García et al, 2014a).…”