Lipid Metabolic Versatility in Malassezia spp. Yeasts Studied through Metabolic Modeling

Triana, Sergio; Cock, Hans de; Ohm, Robin A.; Danies, Giovanna; Wösten, Han A. B.; Restrepo, Silvia; Barrios, Andrés Fernando González; Celis, Adriana

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01772

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…This indicates that the difference observed in the present study is chiefly explained by the relatively enhanced efficacy of the FastFung medium. Noteworthy, the FastFung medium efficiently grew M. globosa and M. restricta ( Figure 1C), both species that are considered to be among the most fastidious yeast to culture within the Malassezia genus [17][18][19]. Moreover, several studies showed that M. globosa and M. restricta are the most frequently involved species in pityriasis versicolor and seborrheic dermatitis, respectively [15], [20][21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparison of Three Skin Sampling Methods and Two Media for Culturing <em>Malassezia</em> Yeast

Abdillah

Khelaifia

Raoult

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Malassezia is lipid-dependent commensal yeast of the human skin. The different culture media and skin sampling methods used to grow these fastidious yeasts are a source of heterogeneity in culture-based epidemiological study results. This study aimed to compare the performances of three methods of skin sampling, and two culture media for the detection of Malassezia yeasts by culture from the human skin. Three skin sampling methods, namely sterile gauze, dry swab and TranswabTM with transport medium, were applied on 10 healthy volunteers. Each sample was further inoculated onto either the novel FastFung medium or the reference Dixon agar for the detection of Malassezia spp. by culture. At least one colony of Malassezia spp. grew on 93/300 (31%) of the cultures, corresponding to 150 samplings. The positive culture rate was 67%, 18%, and 15% (P &lt; 10-3), for samples collected with sterile gauze, TranswabTM, and dry swab, respectively. The positive culture rate was 62% and 38% (P &lt; 0.003) by using the FastFung and the Dixon media, respectively. Our results showed that sterile gauze rubbing skin sampling followed by inoculation on FastFung medium should be implemented in the routine clinical laboratory procedure for Malassezia spp. cultivation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparison of Three Skin Sampling Methods and Two Media for Culturing <em>Malassezia</em> Yeast

Abdillah

Khelaifia

Raoult

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In this study, a metabolic network of M. pachydermatis CBS 1879 17 was curated to identify potential novel therapeutic targets against M. pachydermatis infections. The improved network shows fluxes that are in agreement with those in other yeasts such as S. cerevisiae 30 and Ustilago maydis 31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Therapeutic Candidates for the Treatment of Malassezia pachydermatis -Associated Infections

Sastoque

Triana

Ehemann

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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the opportunistic pathogen Malassezia pachydermatis causes bloodstream infections in preterm infants or individuals with immunodeficiency disorders and has been associated with a broad spectrum of diseases in animals such as seborrheic dermatitis, external otitis and fungemia. The current approaches to treat these infections are failing as a consequence of their adverse effects, changes in susceptibility and antifungal resistance. Thus, the identification of novel therapeutic targets against M. pachydermatis infections are highly relevant. Here, Gene Essentiality Analysis and Flux Variability Analysis was applied to a previously reported M. pachydermatis metabolic network to identify enzymes that, when absent, negatively affect biomass production. Three novel therapeutic targets (i.e., homoserine dehydrogenase (MpHSD), homocitrate synthase (MpHCS) and saccharopine dehydrogenase (MpSDH)) were identified that are absent in humans. Notably, L-lysine was shown to be an inhibitor of the enzymatic activity of MpHCS and MpSDH at concentrations of 1 mM and 75 mM, respectively, while L-threonine (1 mM) inhibited MpHSD. Interestingly, L-lysine was also shown to inhibit M. pachydermatis growth during in vitro assays with reference strains and canine isolates, while it had a negligible cytotoxic activity on HEKa cells. Together, our findings form the bases for the development of novel treatments against M. pachydermatis infections. The yeast M. pachydermatis is part of the skin microbiota of domestic and wild animals and behaves as an opportunistic pathogen causing external otitis and seborrheic dermatitis in dogs and cats. Particular conditions such as the presence of lipid-rich microenvironments, a local imbalance of the natural microbiota and altered immune states favor these infections 1. Dermatologic infections caused by M. pachydermatis often exhibit a chronic (recurrent) course and their treatment can be complicated due to the ability of this yeast to form biofilms 1. In addition, M. pachydermatis causes bloodstream infections in preterm infants or in individuals with immunodeficiency disorders. These infections are related to contamination of medical devices such as catheters, the transmission through medical staff and the administration of lipids through intravenous way 2,3. Recently, several factors contributing to M. pachydermatis virulence have been determined, which include the production of proteinases, phospholipases, hyaluronidases, and chondroitin-sulfatases 4. Currently, five classes of antifungal agents are used orally, topically or intravenously for the treatment of fungal infections. The first class is formed by the azoles (ketoconazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, and

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“…Among the species considered, only those of M. restricta and M. pachydermatis had their associated proteome sequences uploaded to RefSeq as of June 2019, with 3,742 and 2,960 sequences, respectively (Park et al, 2017 ; Triana et al, 2017 ). These sequences were downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) in June 2019, using their respective protein name with the basic query “(((scientific name) NOT partial) NOT hypothetical),” where “scientific name” took the values Malassezia restricta or Malassezia pachydermatis .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These sequences were downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) in June 2019, using their respective protein name with the basic query “(((scientific name) NOT partial) NOT hypothetical),” where “scientific name” took the values Malassezia restricta or Malassezia pachydermatis . For M. sympodialis, M. globosa, M. furfur , and atypical M. furfur , the previously annotated and experimentally validated proteins from Xu et al ( 2007 ), Gioti et al ( 2013 ) and Triana et al ( 2017 ) were used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Malassezia Lipidome Disclosed Differences Among the Species and Reveals Presence of Unusual Yeast Lipids

Ramírez

Amézquita

Jaramillo

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Malassezia yeasts are lipid dependent and part of the human and animal skin microbiome. However, they are also associated with a variety of dermatological conditions and even cause systemic infections. How these yeasts can live as commensals on the skin and switch to a pathogenic stage has long been a matter of debate. Lipids are important cellular molecules, and understanding the lipid metabolism and composition of Malassezia species is crucial to comprehending their biology and host–microbe interaction. Here, we investigated the lipid composition of Malassezia strains grown to the stationary phase in a complex Dixon medium broth. In this study, we perform a lipidomic analysis of a subset of species; in addition, we conducted a gene prediction analysis for the detection of lipid metabolic proteins. We identified 18 lipid classes and 428 lipidic compounds. The most commonly found lipids were triglycerides (TAG), sterol (CH), diglycerides (DG), fatty acids (FAs), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), ceramides, cholesteryl ester (CE), sphingomyelin (SM), acylcarnitine, and lysophospholipids. Particularly, we found a low content of CEs in Malassezia furfur , atypical M. furfur , and Malassezia pachydermatis and undetectable traces of these components in Malassezia globosa, Malassezia restricta , and Malassezia sympodialis . Remarkably, uncommon lipids in yeast, like diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine and FA esters of hydroxyl FAs, were found in a variable concentration in these Malassezia species. The latter are bioactive lipids recently reported to have antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. The results obtained can be used to discriminate different Malassezia species and offer a new overview of the lipid composition of these yeasts. We could confirm the presence and the absence of certain lipid-biosynthesis genes in specific species. Further analyses are necessary to continue disclosing the complex lipidome of Malassezia species and the impact of the lipid metabolism in connection with the host interaction.

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Lipid Metabolic Versatility in Malassezia spp. Yeasts Studied through Metabolic Modeling

Cited by 32 publications

References 78 publications

Comparison of Three Skin Sampling Methods and Two Media for Culturing <em>Malassezia</em> Yeast

Comparison of Three Skin Sampling Methods and Two Media for Culturing <em>Malassezia</em> Yeast

New Therapeutic Candidates for the Treatment of Malassezia pachydermatis -Associated Infections

Analysis of Malassezia Lipidome Disclosed Differences Among the Species and Reveals Presence of Unusual Yeast Lipids

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