Lipid metabolism and experimental atherosclerosis in baboons: influence of cholesterol-free, semi-synthetic diets

Kritchevsky, David; Davidson, Larry M.; Shapiro, Irwin L.; Kim, Hong; Kitagawa, Michihiro; Malhotra, Saroj; Nair, Padmanabhan P.; Clarkson, Thomas B.; Bersohn, I; Winter, P.A.D.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/27.1.29

Cited by 84 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…8 The partial correlation coefficient (computed from the published data and adjusted for linear effects of treatment) for total serum cholesterol concentration and extent of aortic lesions was 0.51, similar to the value of 0.44 (table 6) obtained in the present experiment. Kritchevsky et al 22 produced mild hypercholesterolemia (93-208 mg/dl) in 24 baboons by feeding cholesterol-free semisynthetic diets containing various pure carbohydrates. The partial correlation coefficient (computed from data provided by the authors and adjusted for linear effects of treatment and sex) for total serum cholesterol concentration and extent of sudanophilic aortic lesions was 0.36, nearly identical to that found in the present experiment.…”

Section: Comparison With Findings Of Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations to experimental atherosclerosis in baboons.

McGill¹,

McMahan²,

Kruski³

et al. 1981

Arteriosclerosis

103

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For 26 months, we fed 60 baboons a high saturated fat, high cholesterol diet that contained very low concentrations of four common pesticides (chlordane, parathlon, dlazlnon, and carbofuran). We detected no effect of pesticides on body weight, serum llpld, or Iipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, or experimental atherosclerosis. We then examined the associations of serum llpld and Iipoprotein cholesterol concentrations {predictor variables) with arterial lesions (naponto variables). Among predictor variables, very low density Iipoprotein plus low density Iipoprotein cholesterol concentration showed a positive association with fatty streaks in the aorta and its ma|or branches, Including the coronary arteries, while high density Iipoprotein cholesterol concentration showed a consistently negative association. The very low density Iipoprotein plus low density llpoproteln/hlgh density Iipoprotein cholesterol ratio was more highly associated with lesions than was either value alone. These results are consistent with epidemlologic evidence suggesting that high density Iipoprotein cholesterol concentration Is Inversely related to probability of developing clinically manifest atherosclerotic disease. (Arteriosclerosis 1:3-12, January/February 1981)

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Section: Comparison With Findings Of Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations to experimental atherosclerosis in baboons.

McGill¹,

McMahan²,

Kruski³

et al. 1981

Arteriosclerosis

103

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“…Eating diets rich in saturated fatty acids results in higher plasma cholesterol concentrations than does feeding diets containing proportionately larger amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dietary fat selectively alters transport properties of rat jejunum.

Thomson¹,

Keelan²,

Clandinin³

et al. 1986

J. Clin. Invest.

120

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The influence of dietary fatty acid composition on intestinal active and passive transport function, brush border membrane composition, and morphology was examined in rats. Animals fed a semisynthetic diet high in saturated fatty acids demonstrated enhanced in vitro jejunal uptake ofdecanoic, dodecanoic, palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acid, as well as cholesterol and chenodeoxycholic and taurochenodeoxycholic acid, as compared with uptake in animals fed a semisynthetic diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids but equivalent in total content of fat and other nutrients, or as compared with Purina chow. Feeding the saturated fatty acid diet was also associated with reduced jejunal uptake of a range of concentrations of glucose, enhanced ileal uptake of leucine, unchanged uptake of galactose, and lower uptake ofdecanol. The semisynthetic diets did not alter brush border membrane protein, sucrase or alkaline phosphatase activities, cholesterol, or total phospholipids, although the percentage of jejunal amine phospholipids was higher than in rats fed chow. The morphologic differences between the jejunum and ileum were abolished in animals fed the high polyunsaturated fatty acid diet; in rats fed the high saturated fatty acid diet, there was reduced mean ileal villus height, width, thickness, surface area, cell size, and villus density, as well as reduced mucosal surface area. The changes in jejunal transport were not correlated with the alterations in morphology, unstirred layer resistance, food intake, or body weight gain. It is proposed that small changes in the percentage of total dietary lipids composed of essential and nonessential fatty acids (without concurrent alterations in dietary total fat, carbohydrate, or protein) influence active and passive intestinal transport processes in the rat.

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“…This is consistent with the report of Hollander and co-workers 17 of a significant increase in the concentration of collagen in the aorta of cholesterol-fed rabbits. Dietary sucrose has also been shown to contribute to intimal connective tissue accumulation in baboons 18 and rabbits 19 and might have been a factor in our study. Although considerable variation was observed in the plasma cholesterol values, some significant effects of diet on the total and HDL cholesterol were noted.…”

mentioning

confidence: 53%

Peanut oil reduces diet-induced atherosclerosis in cynomolgus monkeys.

Alderson¹,

Hayes²,

Nicolosi³

1986

Arteriosclerosis

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The atherogenicity of dietary peanut oil (PO) was examined in cynomolgus monkeys fed semipurified diets for 15 months. Four groups of six monkeys were fed diets containing 0.22 mg/kcal (0.1%) cholesterol and 0%, 5%, 10%, or 20% PO. An additional group was fed 2.0% cholesterol and 20% PO to serve as a literature control. Increasing the concentration of PO in the diet was associated with significant decreases in total plasma cholesterol (p < 0.05) and the total/HDL cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) and an increase in the terminal HDL cholesterol concentration (p < 0.05). Intimal thickness and composition were determined from cross sections of the thoracic aorta and the iliac and coronary arteries. P eanut oil (PO) is reportedly atherogenic when fed to rats, 1 rabbits, 2 ' 6 and monkeys 3 despite a relatively high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, the majority of studies addressing this issue have been complicated by diets containing PO in combination with high levels of cholesterol or sucrose or both. In experiments in rats 1 and rabbits 4 with low levels of sucrose in the diet and no added cholesterol, atherosclerotic lesions were not found in the animals fed PO. The evidence suggesting PO is inordinately atherogenic in monkeys derives from studies in which rhesus monkeys were fed 2% cholesterol.3 However, weight gain as a percentage of the initial body weight (and by inference the total calorie and cholesterol intake) of the PO group was almost double that of com oil-fed monkeys and 50% greater than that in those fed butter. Thus, lesion development appeared to reflect the total cholesterol intake. When vervet monkeys were fed diets containing no added cholesterol, the atherogenicity of PO was no greater than that of corn oil.5 These results raise the question whether the atherogenicity attributed to PO is actually a reflection of a high cholesterol intake. Specific structural characteristics have also been attributed to the arterial lesions of peanut oil-fed animals. In rabbits 6 and monkeys, 37 these lesions have been described as dense and fibrocellular with relatively little lipid when compared to lesions of animals fed butter oil or a butter fat-coconut oil mixture. In contrast to these descriptive data, biochemical determinations of collagen and elastin accumulation failed to reveal excessive concentrations of fibrous proteins in the arteries of peanut oil-fed rabbits. 8The present study was designed to address the question of PO atherogenicity and the quantitative morphology of the intimal response under carefully controlled dietary challenge. Intimal thickness and composition were measured in the arteries of cynomolgus monkeys fed for 15 months on diets containing graded amounts of PO and a level of cholesterol approximating the human experience (0.1%). An additional group was fed a PO diet containing 2% cholesterol to serve as a literature control.The results indicate that an increased PO intake is protective in terms of cholesterolemia and is associated with reduced atherogenesis when c...

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Lipid metabolism and experimental atherosclerosis in baboons: influence of cholesterol-free, semi-synthetic diets

Cited by 84 publications

References 45 publications

Relationship of lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations to experimental atherosclerosis in baboons.

Relationship of lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations to experimental atherosclerosis in baboons.

Dietary fat selectively alters transport properties of rat jejunum.

Peanut oil reduces diet-induced atherosclerosis in cynomolgus monkeys.

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