Lipid Metabolism, Disorders and Therapeutic Drugs - Review

Abstract

Different lifestyles have an impact on useful metabolic functions, causing disorders. Different lipids are involved in the metabolic functions that play various vital roles in the body, such as structural components, storage of energy, in signaling, as biomarkers, in energy metabolism, and as hormones. Inter-related disorders are caused when these functions are affected, like diabetes, cancer, infections, and inflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions in humans. During the Covid-19 period, there has been a lot of focus on the effects of metabolic disorders all over the world. Hence, this review collectively reports on research concerning metabolic disorders, mainly cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus. In addition, drug research in lipid metabolism disorders have also been considered. This review explores lipids, metabolism, lipid metabolism disorders, and drugs used for these disorders.

Low Circulating Free Triiodothyronine Levels are Associated with the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

“…27,28 Mechanistic links between thyroid and renal disease have been demonstrated in experimental animals, hypothyroidism adversely affects renal growth, and decreases structure (proximal tubule, distal tubule), and glomerular filtration, during development and adulthood. 29,30 In this study, DN patients with low FT3 had higher ACR. FT3 levels linearly decreased from normoalbuminuria to ESRD the findings of the current study are consistent with previous reports in which biopsy-proven DN patients had low FT3 levels as well as severe proteinuria, renal insufficiency, and glomerular lesions.…”

Genome-wide association analysis of plasma lipidome identifies 495 genetic associations

“…From FinnGen, all 953 endpoints of the following categories (ICD-10 Chapter listed in parentheses if available) were included: 'cardiometabolic endpoints', 'diabetes endpoints', 'diseases marked as autoimmune origin', 'drug purchase endpoints', 'gastrointestinal endpoints', 'neoplasms from hospital discharge' (II), 'neoplasms from cancer register' (II), 'diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism' (III), 'endocrine nutritional and metabolic diseases' (IV), 'diseases of the nervous system' (VI), 'diseases of the circulatory system' (IX), 'neurological endpoints', 'diseases of the digestive system' (XI). These ICD-10 chapters were chosen because diseases within these chapters have been previously reported to be associated with changes in lipid metabolism, such as II: breast cancer [75], III: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [76], IV: lipid metabolism disorders and diabetes mellitus [77], VI: Alzheimer's disease [78], IX: Coronary artery disease [35], XI: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease [79]. For all endpoints at least 50 cases exist.…”

Role of Lipids and Lipid Metabolism in Prostate Cancer Progression and the Tumor’s Immune Environment

“…Lipid metabolism is also affected by a host of external influences and other metabolic disorders which are too numerous to cover in this article. A review on that topic has been published elsewhere [ 21 ].…”