Lipid metabolism genetic risk score interacts with the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised and its components to influence the odds for dyslipidemia in a cross-sectional population-based survey in Brazil

Abstract

Background: Dyslipidemia can be influenced by genetic and dietary risk factors. Aim: This study set out to investigate diet and genetic variations in Brazilian people in a cross-sectional population-based survey and to analyze the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes involved in lipid metabolism and cardiometabolic-related phenotypes using a genetic risk score (GRS). Methods: We recruited 228 adults (mean age 36.5 years) who participated in the Health Survey of São Paulo (HS-SP), Brazil. Clinical and anthropometric parameters, as well as the interaction between the GRS and the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R) were evaluated. We analyzed the relationship between SNPs in APOA5 (rs662799), APOB (rs693, rs1367117), LDLR (rs688, rs5925) and LIPC (rs2070895, rs1800588) and cardiometabolic-related phenotypes using a GRS. Results: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels were associated with the BHEI-R (p¼0.026; b¼ À0.183) and with its SoFAAS component (solid fats, alcoholic beverages and added sugars) (p¼0.007; b¼0.279). Non-HDL cholesterol levels were associated with the BHEI-R vegetable component (p¼0.015; b¼0.002) and the meat, eggs and beans component (p¼0.003; b¼0.007). Triacylglycerol levels were associated with the BHEI-R vegetable component (p¼0.027; b¼0.003); the meat, eggs and beans component (p¼0.041; b¼0.001); and the total protein component (p¼0.013; b¼0.032). Significant effects were observed for the interactions between the GRS and both the BHEI-R oils component (p¼0.019) and the SoFAAS component (p<0.001) on the dyslipidemia risk. Conclusions: The evaluation of dietary quality, especially fat quality, together with the lipid metabolism GRS could be a useful tool to manage cardiometabolic risk.

Interactions between genetic and lifestyle factors on cardiometabolic disease-related outcomes in Latin American and Caribbean populations: A systematic review

“…Furthermore, a cross-sectional study of 228 Brazilian participants from the Health Survey of São Paulo (HS-SP) ( 64 ) observed significant interactions between a GRS based on seven SNPs ( Table 1 ) and the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R) on the risk of dyslipidaemia. Participants with a higher GRS (5–8) had a lower odds ratio for dyslipidaemia with an intake of BHEI-R oil component above the median ( P interaction = 0.019); while those with a GRS > 9 had a lower odds ratio for dyslipidaemia with an intake of BHEI-R solid fats, alcoholic beverages and added sugars (SoFAAS) component below the median ( P interaction < 0.001).…”

“…Another issue that could affect the results is the accuracy of the methods used to measure exposure variables such as dietary intake and physical activity ( 167 , 168 ). Some studies used 24-h recall questionnaires and self-reporting methods ( 64 , 77 , 81 , 112 , 144 , 158 ), which might have induced recall bias, inadequate estimations, daily variation bias, and over and underreporting of values ( 169 , 170 ). Measurement of dietary intake is a crucial part of gene-diet interaction studies as under or overestimation of dietary intake can weaken or reverse the association between dietary factors and cardiometabolic traits ( 170 , 171 ).…”

“… A heat map showing the findings for gene-lifestyle interactions on cardiovascular disease traits. Sotos-Prieto et al ( 144 ), MI-GRS = CDKN2A/2B (rs4977574, rs10757274, rs2383206, rs1333049); CELSR2-PSRC1-SORT1 (rs646776, rs599839); CXCL12(rs501120, rs1746048); HNF1A, C12orf43 (rs2259816); MRAS (rs9818870); SLC22A3 (rs2048327); LPAL2 (rs3127599); LPA (rs7767084, rs10755578); Fujii et al ( 64 ), Cardiometabolic-GRS = APOA5 (rs662799); APOB (rs693, rs1367117); LDLR (rs688, rs5925); LIPC (rs2070895, rs1800588); Brown et al ( 125 ), 3-SNPs = APOE rs7412, rs449647, rs429358 ; Fiegenbaum et al ( 92 ), 3-SNPs = APOC3 rs2854116, rs2854117, rs5128; Maintinguer Norde et al ( 75 ), 5-SNPs = ADIPOQ rs2241766, rs16861209, rs17300539, rs266729, rs1501299; Carvalho et al ( 65 ), 3-SNPs = FADS rs174575, rs174561, rs3834458; Barcelos et al ( 88 ), 3-SNPs = eNOS rs2070744, rs1799983, rs61722009; Zheng et al ( 135 ), 3-SNPs = Chromosome 9p21 rs4977574, rs2383206, rs1333049. BR, Brazilian; CR, Costa Rican.…”

“…Interaction between dietary fat intake and genetic variants on CVD-related traits was examined by five Brazilian studies (62)(63)(64)(65)(66). In a cross-sectional study of 567 participants (62), a significant interaction was reported between olive oil intake and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (P interaction = 0.028), where a high intake of olive oil (≥ once a week) was associated with lower LDL levels in men carrying the "ε2" allele but had no effect in men without the "ε2" allele.…”

Effect of dietary fat intake and genetic risk on glucose and insulin-related traits in Brazilian young adults

“…Evidence has suggested that the genetic risk of metabolic diseases can be modified by dietary intake [33][34][35][36][37]. There are a few genediet interaction studies in Brazilians; however, the studies have focused only on cardiovascular disease related traits [38][39][40]. To date, there are no GRS-diet interaction studies on metabolic traits in Brazilians.…”