Lipid metabolism in mixtures of red clover (Trifolium repens) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in lab scale silages and in vitro rumen incubations

Ranst, Gijs Van; Vandewalle, M.; Gadeyne, Frederik; Riek, Jan De; Fievez, Veerle

doi:10.1017/s1751731113001080

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A rapid pH decline driven by lactic acid fermentation during ensiling is essential for the preservation of silages (Shao, Wang, Shimojo, & Masuda, ). After ensiling for 30 days, the pH values in all silages remained above 4.8, which were slightly higher than the range observed in other literatures (Dong, Yuan, Wen, Desta, & Shao, ; Van Ranst, Vandewalle, Gadeyne, De Riek, & Fievez, ). These high pH values may be attributed to low storage temperature that retarded fermentation (Weiss, Kroschewski, & Auerbach, ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Characterization of nitrogen transformation dynamics in alfalfa and red clover and their mixture silages

Dong

Chen

et al. 2019

Grassland Science

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The objective of this experiment was to characterize the dynamics of nitrogen (N) transformations in alfalfa and red clover and their mixture during ensiling. Alfalfa, red clover and a mixture of them (1:1 on fresh weight) were ensiled for 3, 5, 7, 14 and 30 days. The fermentation qualities and dynamic change of N components of the three silages were determined. Red clover and mixed silages showed better fermentation qualities, indicated by lower (p < 0.05) pH value, higher (p < 0.05) lactic acid concentration compared with alfalfa silage after ensiling. Retarded N transformation was observed in red clover and mixed silages, as evidenced by lower (p < 0.05) free amino acid concentrations at all intervals of ensiling, higher (p < 0.05) peptide N and lower (p < 0.05) ammonia N concentrations after 14 days of ensiling as opposed to alfalfa silage. Mixing red clover apparently delayed the degradation process of alfalfa protein in mixed silage, as demonstrated by no significant difference in non-protein N (NPN) concentrations in comparison with pure red clover silage at most intervals of ensiling. The results of this study, from the perspective of N transformation, confirmed the lower rate of protein degradation in red clover in contrast to alfalfa during ensiling and potentially provide an effective strategy to reduce protein loss for alfalfa silage production. K E Y W O R D S Alfalfa, mixture, nitrogen transformation, red clover, silage | INTRODUC TI ONAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the leading legume forage crop, commercially used as feed for dairy cows and other livestock. In some rainy regions such as southern China, alfalfa is commonly preserved as silage. However, low dry matter (DM) and sugar content, as well as high buffering capacity, make ensiled alfalfa often subject to extensive proteolysis. During the ensiling process, between 44% and 87% of alfalfa proteins can be degraded by plant and microbial proteases (Jones, Hatfield, & Muck, 1995). The high extent of protein degradation leads to the low utilization of forage nitrogen (N) by ruminants, thus resulting in high economic losses to farmers and adverse environmental impacts.Red clover (Trifolium pratente L.), a legume forage of similar protein content to alfalfa, has been shown that only 7%-40% of red clover protein is degraded during ensiling. This relatively lower protein degradation has been proven to be related to the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in red clover (Sullivan & Hatfield, 2006).

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Characterization of nitrogen transformation dynamics in alfalfa and red clover and their mixture silages

Dong

Chen

et al. 2019

Grassland Science

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“…; Van Ranst et al . ). There exists a correlation between the nutritional content and in vitro cumulative gas production (Zhou et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Adding sweet potato vines improve the quality of rice straw silage

Wang

et al. 2016

Animal Science Journal

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Rice straw and sweet potato vines are the main by-products of agricultural crops, and their disposal creates problems for the environment in the south of China. In order to establish an easy method for making rice straw silage successfully, experiments were conduct to evaluate fermentation quality and nutritive value of rice straw silages ensiled with or without sweet potato vine. Paddy rice straw (PR) and upland rice straw (UP) were ensiled alone or with sweet potato vines (SP) by a ratio of 1:1 (fresh matter basis), over 3 years. Compared with rice straw silages ensiled alone, the mixed-material silages (PR + SP, UR + SP) showed higher fermentation quality with lower propionic acid content and NH -N ratio of total N, and higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid, resulting in decrease (P < 0.05) of dry matter loss and higher (P < 0.05) in vitro ruminal dry matter digestion. When the fermentation quality, chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics were considered, ensiling would be an effective way of utilization of rice straw and sweet potato vines in the regions where rice and sweet potato are harvested at same season, and the sweet potato vines have the potential to improve rice straw fermentation quality with low water soluble carbohydrate content in south of China.

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“…Udén () noted a 25% reduction in hemicellulose (as neutral detergent fibre – acid detergent fibre) from a grass‐clover crop from ensiling in a tower silo, but a negligible loss of cellulose (as acid detergent fibre – lignin). Lipids undergo extensive lipolysis by plant and bacterial lipases during ensiling but neither levels nor composition of fatty acids were affected by ensiling red clover and ryegrass forages (Van Ranst, Vandewalle, Gadeyne, De Riek, & Fievez, ). In contrast to lipids, proteins undergo considerable degradation to free amino acids, peptides, ammonia, etc., and high ammonia levels are often a sign of clostridial fermentation of proteins (McDonald, Henderson, & Heron, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fresh and ensiled forage plants—total composition, silage losses and the prediction of silage composition from the crop

Udén

2017

Grass and Forage Science

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Twenty ley and whole‐crop samples were analysed before and after ensiling to determine the proportion of dry matter (DM) that could be accounted for by the sum of 12 chemical assays for ash, ash‐excluded‐amylase‐treated neutral detergent fibre (aNDFom), starch, water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC), pectin, crude protein (CP), CP in aNDFom (CPndf), ammonia, crude fat, phenolics, plant organic acids and liquid fermentation products (acids and alcohols). Crop components, utilized during silage fermentation and the possibility of predicting silage composition from that of the crop, were also investigated. Samples consisted of timothy and red and white clover, harvested at early and late maturities in two cuts per maturity and of whole‐crop barley, wheat and maize, harvested at early, intermediate and late stages of maturity. Ley crops were wilted to reach a DM content of approximately 400 g/kg, whereas whole crops (WC) were not wilted (151–757 g DM/kg) before ensiling. The average sum of analytes was 1022 and 981 g/kg DM for crops and silages respectively. An overall closeness to complete recovery indicates that no major plant components were missing from the analyses. Relative proportions of pectin, plant organic acids and phenolics, which are rarely analysed, were approximately 60:40:2 (w/w). Ash, aNDFom, crude fat and CP were almost completely recovered after ensiling, whereas partial metabolism reduced recoveries of starch (81%), CPndf (62%), plant organic acids (65%), pectin (64%) and WSC (29%). Only the four analytes with high silage recoveries could be reasonably well predicted from parent crop levels with mean prediction error from 0.065 for aNDFom to 0.167 for crude fat.

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Lipid metabolism in mixtures of red clover (Trifolium repens) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in lab scale silages and in vitro rumen incubations

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Characterization of nitrogen transformation dynamics in alfalfa and red clover and their mixture silages

Characterization of nitrogen transformation dynamics in alfalfa and red clover and their mixture silages

Adding sweet potato vines improve the quality of rice straw silage

Fresh and ensiled forage plants—total composition, silage losses and the prediction of silage composition from the crop

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