Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in children with chronic renal failure

Abstract

Increased lipid peroxidation (LP) has been observed in dialysis patients and in predialysis adults with advanced chronic renal failure (CRF). The aim of this study was to investigate whether predialysis CRF children have increased LP in plasma and red blood cells (RBC) and to evaluate the activity of the antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)] in RBC. Concentrations of selenium (Se), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)-cofactors of these enzymes-were determined both in erythrocytes and in plasma. LP was monitored by plasma and erythrocyte malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and by plasma organic hydroperoxide (OHP) concentrations. Forty-six predialysis children, aged 5-18 years, divided into two groups according to their serum creatinine levels [group I ( n=14, mean serum creatinine 421.61+/-141.08 micromol/l), group II ( n=32, mean serum creatinine 174.94+/-45.50 micromol/l)] and 27 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Significantly higher concentrations of plasma and erythrocyte MDA and plasma OHP, significantly lower activities of GSH-Px and CAT, and significantly lower concentrations of erythrocyte Se, Cu, and Zn and plasma Se and Cu were found in both groups of renal patients compared with controls. The SOD activity was reduced in both groups of CRF children. In group I the activity of SOD and GSH-Px was significantly lower than in group II. In summary, there is increased LP in plasma and RBC in children with predialysis CRF, even those patients with moderate renal insufficiency. The activity of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system is reduced in the RBC of predialysis patients. The antioxidant capacity is related to the severity of renal failure.

Antioxidant status of children with acute renal failure

“…The increased levels of ascorbic acid and ceruloplasmin found in this study indicate intact oxidant defense mechanism, as they can act as freeradical scavengers [18]. Zwołińska et al [19] observed significantly raised levels of plasma and erythrocyte MDA and reduced zinc, copper, and selenium concentrations in patients with chronic renal failure in predialysis phase when compared with controls. The authors concluded that increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant capacity is also found in patients with chronic renal failure.…”

The Impact of Dialysis Modality on Serum Heat Shock Proteins in Children and Young Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease

“…In detail, the in vitro experiment has proven that oxidative stress stimulates vascular smooth muscle cells to produce Hsp90-␣ [28] . ROS overactivity, present in both APD and HD patients, could, therefore, at least partially explain the origin of increased Hsp90-␣ [29][30][31] , especially when the fact that the Hsp90-␣ expression on mesothelial cells from the peritoneal dialysis subjects does not respond to the exposure to peritoneal fluid is taken into account [32] . This finding may support the hypothesis that, at least in the peritoneal dialysis patients, Hsp90-␣ elevation does not depend on the type of renal replacement therapy.…”

Association of glutathioneS-transferaseM1andT1gene polymorphism with oxidative stress in diabetic and nondiabetic chronic kidney disease

“…1,2 Noteworthy, in this regard is the fact that oxidative stress is also considered to be the final common pathway for the development of diabetic complications including nephropathy and hence can become an important confounding variable because diabetes mellitus (DM) has been implicated as the single largest cause of CKD. 3,4 Several factors are responsible for the regulation of the balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants in the body.…”