Lipid peroxidation diminishing perspective of isolated theaflavins and thearubigins from black tea in arginine induced renal malfunctional rats

Abstract

BackgroundRecently oxidative stress induced maladies have amplified owing to sedentary lifestyle and monotonous diet. Introduction of plant based biomolecules may be a suitable strategy to cope with the lipid peroxidation. In this context, black tea polyphenols (theaflavin & thearubigins) are in fame among the scientific community as cost effective therapeutic agents owing to their safety, economics, structural diversity and ability to modulate various lipid peroxidation responses by halting the expression of different metabolic targets.MethodsThe mandate of present investigation was to first time check the synergism among the isolated theaflavins & thearubigins against lipid peroxidative indicators both in vitro and in vivo. Purposely, theaflavins and thearubigins were isolated from black tea through solvent partition methods by using different solvents (Aqueous ethanol, Aqueous methanol & Water) and time intervals (30, 60 & 90 min) and subjected to in vitro characterization through different antioxidant indices to access the in vitro lipid peroxidation shooting effect of these bioactive moieties. Moreover, individual theaflavins contents also estimate through HPLC. For evaluation of in vivo antioxidant effect, renal malfunction was induced through arginine and forty rats were divided in four groups (10 each after power analysis) and 04 types of diets were given i.e. T0 (control diet without supplementation), T1 (Basic experimental Diet+ theaflavins supplementation @ 1 g), T2 (Basic experimental Diet+ Thearubigins supplementation @ 1 g) & T3 (Basic experimental Diet+ Supplementation of theaflavins+ thearubigins @ 0.5 + 0.5 g, respectively) for the period of 56 days. Alongside, a control study was also carried out for comparison by involving normal rats fed on arginine free diet. The body weight, lipid profile, glycemic responses, Renal function test, liver function test, antioxidant indices and hematological parameters were estimated at the termination of study.ResultsThe results indicated that theaflavins and thearubigins isolation was significantly affected by time of extraction and solvent. In this context, aqueous ethanol at 60 min extraction interval caused maximum extraction. Likewise, theaflavins isolate exhibited more antioxidant activity as compared to thearubigins. Moreover, the theaflavins and thearubigins based experimental diets imparted significant reduction in Lipid profile, glucose content, renal function tests and TBARS with enhancement in insulin, HDL and hematological parameters. In this context, theaflavin based diet caused maximum reduction in lipid profile and TBARS better as compared to thearubigins and theaflavins + thearubigins based. However, theaflavin+ thearubigins based diet caused highest glucose, urea & creatinine decline and maximum insulin increase & antioxidant indices as compared to other nutraceuticals.ConclusionsIt was deduced that theaflavins & thearubigins have strong antioxidative potential both in in vitro as well as in vivo to tackle the menace associated with lipid pero...

Inhibitory effect of black tea ( Camellia sinensis ) theaflavins and thearubigins against HCT 116 colon cancer cells and HT 460 lung cancer cells

“…TF‐ and TR‐rich fractions were separated followed by rotary evaporation and freeze‐drying (CHIRST, Alpha 1‐4 LD plus, Germany) according to Xie, Shi, Chen, and Ho (). Fractions were subjected to HPLC to identify the purity according to Imran, Arshad et al, (). TF were characterized using HPLC (PerkinElmer, Series 200, USA).…”

“…Poor dietary habits and desk‐bound lifestyle cause various diseases such as cancer insurgence, cardiovascular complications, diabetes, and immune dysfunctions (Bárta et al, ). No doubt, medicines are inevitable for curing various physiological disorders nevertheless, high treatment cost in the developing countries along with associated side effects demand some other rationale approaches to meet the perils (Imran, Arshad et al, ; Jang et al, ; Mantel‐Teeuwisse et al, ). Phytochemicals have the ability to reduce these threats by preventing lipid peroxidation, and thus combat oxidative injury (Seifried, Anderson, Fisher, & Milner, ).…”

“…This versatility had encouraged the supplementation of phytochemicals to modulate the onset of chronic ailments such as cancer and other metabolic syndromes (Gülçin, ; Taslimi & Gulçin, ). Theaflavins (TF) and thearubigins (TR) have been investigated against obesity, diabetes, and renal failure and found effective against these ailments owing to their antioxidant potential (Imran, Arshad et al, ; Imran, Butt et al, ).…”

“…Lung cancer is emerging as one of the most vicious types of malignancies accounting for 12% of new cancer cases worldwide; however, its occurrence is higher in the United States and Europe (Lanfang, Xingwei, Jing, Shen, & Zhiqiang, ). Similarly, colorectal cancer is considered the third highest killer of cancer‐related deaths in the United States (Haggar & Boushey, ; Imran, Arshad et al, ; Taslimi & Gulçin, ). Among the dietary interventions, tea holds a promising position due to its ability to target different cancer‐related molecular sites.…”

Potential preventive and protective perspectives of different spice powders and their mixtures in rat model

“…Among diverse range of spices, Nigella sativa L. (Black cumin seed) is significantly blessed with numerous medicinal and pharmacological activities. The black cumin seeds have been recognized as the source of the active ingredients possessing antioxidant potential [3]. The black cumin seeds contain more than 100 different chemical components, including crude fiber, mucilage, reducing sugars, proteins, resins, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, saponins, tannins, organic acids alongside high content of unsaturated fatty acids.…”