Lipid peroxidation during the appearance of hypersensitive reaction in cowpea leaves infected with cucumber mosaic virus.

Kato, Shingo; Misawa, Tadao

doi:10.3186/jjphytopath.42.472

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In contrast, in the infected cells and immediately adjacent tissue, high levels of reactive oxygen species resulting either from the oxidative burst associated with the HR (Doke and Ohashi, 1988) or from long lasting oxidative processes around necrotizing cells (Kato and Misawa, 1976) could lead to substantial inactivation of catalase by accumulation of inactive enzyme intermediates. Under conditions of such oxidative stress, SA might help to maintain and/or reestablish a basal level of catalase activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Salicylic Acid Is a Modulator of Tobacco and Mammalian Catalases

Durner

Klessig

1996

Journal of Biological Chemistry

296

154

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Salicylic acid (SA) plays a key role in the establishment of resistance to microbial pathogens in many plants. The discovery that SA inhibits catalase from tobacco led us to suggest that H 2 O 2 acts as second messenger to activate plant defenses. Detailed analyses of SA's interaction with tobacco and mammalian catalases indicate that SA acts as an electron donor for the peroxidative cycle of catalase. When H 2 O 2 fluxes were relatively low (1 M/min or less), SA inhibited catalase, consistent with its suggested signaling function via H 2 O 2 . However, significant inhibition was only observed at 100 M SA or more, a level reached in infected, but not in uninfected, leaves. This inhibition was probably due to siphoning catalase into the slow peroxidative reaction. Surprisingly, SA was also able to protect catalase from inactivation by damaging levels of H 2 O 2 (lower millimolar range), which is generally assumed to reflect accumulation of inactive ferro-oxy intermediates. SA did so by supporting or substituting for the protective function of catalase-bound NADPH. These results add new features to SA's interaction with heme enzymes and its in vivo redox properties. Thus, SA, in addition to its proposed signaling function, may also have an important antioxidant role in containing oxidative processes associated with plant defense responses.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Salicylic Acid Is a Modulator of Tobacco and Mammalian Catalases

Durner

Klessig

1996

Journal of Biological Chemistry

296

154

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“…1993a). Moreover, during the HR the plant cells undergo rapid lipid peroxidation (Kato and Misawa, 1976). A11 of these biochemical events increase the resistance of the host to subsequent infections.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Peroxide Stimulates Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis in Tobacco

León¹,

Lawton²,

Raskin³

1995

Plant Physiol.

372

153

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Hydrogen peroxide induced the accumulation of free benzoic acid (BA) and salicylic acid (SA) in tobacco (Nicotiana fabacum L.cv Xanthi-nc) leaves. Six hours after infiltration with 300 mM H202, the levels of BA and SA in leaves increased 5-fold over the levels detected in control leaves. The accumulation of BA and SA was preceded by the rapid activation of benzoic acid 2-hydroxylase (BAZH) in the H,O,-infiltrated tissues. This enzyme catalyzes the formation of SA from BA. Enzyme activation could be reproduced in vitro by addition of H,O, or cumene hydroperoxide to the assay mixture. H202 was most effective in vitro when applied at 6 mM. In vitro activation of BAZH by peroxides was inhibited by the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-l,2,4-triazole. We suggest that H,O, activates SA biosynthesis via two mechanisms. First, H,02 stimulates BAZH activity directly or via the formation of its substrate, molecular oxygen, in a catalase-mediated reaction. Second, higher BA levels induce the accumulation of BAZH protein in the cells and provide more substrate for this enzyme.

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“…Kato and Misawa (19) reaction, although in preliminary experiments with a-tocopherol, an antioxidant and inhibitor of lipoxygenase, arachidonic acid elicitor activity was not affected. Unsaturated fatty acids activate polyphenol oxidase from the thylakoid membranes of spinach chloroplasts (15).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Elicitor Preparations From Mycelial Cell Wailsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Factors Affecting the Elicitation of Sesquiterpenoid Phytoalexin Accumulation by Eicosapentaenoic and Arachidonic Acids in Potato

Bostock¹,

Laine²,

Kúc³

1982

Plant Physiol.

113

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Eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids in extracts of Phytophthora infestans mycelium were identified as the most active elicitors of sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin accumulation in potato tuber slices. These fatty acids were found free or esterified in all fractions with elicitor activity including cell wall preparations. Yeast lipase released a major portion of eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids from lyophilized mycelium. Concentration response curves comparing the elicitor activity of the polyunsaturated fatty acids to a cell-free sonicate of P. infestans mycelium indicated that the elicitor activity of the sonicated mycelium exceeded that which would be obtained by the amount of eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids (free and esterified) present in the mycelium. Upon acid hydrolysis of lyophlized mycelium, elicitor activity was obtained only from the fatty acid fraction. However, the fatty acids accounted for only 21% of the activity of the unhydrolyzed mycelium and the residue did not enhance their activity. Centrifugation of the hydrolysate, obtained from lyophilized mycelium treated with 2 N NaOH, 1 molarity NaBH4 at 100°C, yielded a supernatant fraction with little or no elicitor activity. Addition of this material to the fatty acids restored the activity to that which was present in the unhydrolyzed mycelium. The results indicate that the elicitor activity of the unsaturated fatty acids is enhanced by heat and base-stable factors in the mycelium.patible races of the fungus. The responses are characterized by electrolyte leakage, necrosis, and the accumulation of antimicrobial sesquiterpenes (7,10,23,29).Recently, we reported the polyunsaturated fatty acids, all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic and all-cis-5,8, 11,14-eicosatetraenoic (arachidonic) acids, as the simplest and most active elicitors of sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins found in extracts of P. infestans (4,5). This was the first report of these fatty acids eliciting responses associated with plant hypersensitivity and of the occurrence of eicosapentaenoic acid in the Pythiaceae. Others had tentatively identified arachidonic acid in Pythium debaryanum and P. infestans and it has been found in numerous other Phycomycetes (31). Gellerman and Schlenk (14) identified eicosapentaenoic acid as the predominant fatty acid in Saprolegnia parasitica. Our findings were a significant departure from those of other studies of fungal elicitors which attributed activity to polysaccharides and glycoproteins obtained from fungal culture filtrates or mycelial cell walls (1).In this paper, we present further details concerning the elicitor activity of eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids and evidence for other factors in mycelial extracts of P. infestans which dramatically enhance fatty acid elicitor activity. In addition, we report that cell wall preparations contain small amounts of these fatty acids and only a small proportion of the total elicitor activity present in the mycelium of P. infestans. MATERIALS AND METHODSElicitors are metabolites produced ...

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Lipid peroxidation during the appearance of hypersensitive reaction in cowpea leaves infected with cucumber mosaic virus.

Abstract: The amount of free radicals in cowpea leaves infected with cucumber mosaic virus

Cited by 39 publications

References 4 publications

Salicylic Acid Is a Modulator of Tobacco and Mammalian Catalases

Salicylic Acid Is a Modulator of Tobacco and Mammalian Catalases

Hydrogen Peroxide Stimulates Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis in Tobacco

Factors Affecting the Elicitation of Sesquiterpenoid Phytoalexin Accumulation by Eicosapentaenoic and Arachidonic Acids in Potato

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