Lipid peroxidation in human paraguat poisoning.

Kurisaki, Emiko

doi:10.2131/jts.10.29

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…MDA is produced by the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have more than 2 double bonds, such as linolenic, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic acids (Del Rio et al, 2005). MDA level was elevated in the serum and lungs of patients with PQ ingestion, with a peak at 6-11 days after PQ poisoning (Yasaka et al, 1981;Kurisaki, 1985). However, some animal experiments did not show an elevation in MDA levels (Kurisaki, 1985;Hara et al, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Continuous hypoxia attenuates paraquat-induced cytotoxicity in the human A549 lung carcinoma cell line

et al. 2011

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Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride; PQ), an effective and widely used herbicide, was commercially introduced in 1962. It is reduced by the electron donor NADPH, and then reduced PQ transfers the electrons to molecular oxygen, resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are related to cellular toxicity. However, the influence of continuous hypoxia on PQ-induced ROS production has not fully been investigated. We evaluated in vitro the protective effect of continuous hypoxia on PQinduced cytotoxicity in the human carcinogenic alveolar basal epithelial cell line (A549 cells) by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and live and dead assay, and by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. To elucidate the mechanism underlying this effect, we monitored the immunofluorescence of intracellular ROS and measured malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. Continuous hypoxia protected the A549 cells from PQ-induced cytotoxicity. Continuous hypoxia for a period of 24 h significantly reduced intracellular ROS, decreased MDA concentration in the supernatant, and normalized SOD and GPx activities. Continuous hypoxia attenuated PQ-induced cell toxicity in A549 cells. This protective effect might be attributable to the suppression of PQ-induced ROS generation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Continuous hypoxia attenuates paraquat-induced cytotoxicity in the human A549 lung carcinoma cell line

et al. 2011

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“…1-8: potential sites of action by available treatment options. 1: activated charcoal and Fuller's earth; 2: dialysis; 3, 4, 6 and 8: salicylates; 5 and 8: N-acetylcysteine; 7 (P-glycoprotein induction): dexamethasone; 4: immunosuppression initial pathophysiological process in the cascade of events following paraquat poisoning, although the primary importance of this mechanism is not universally accepted, with others postulating these effects follow other pathological processes [28,29].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Widespread lipid peroxidation compromises cell membrane function and may trigger apoptosis. Lipid peroxidation is considered by some to be a key initial pathophysiological process in the cascade of events following paraquat poisoning, although the primary importance of this mechanism is not universally accepted, with others postulating these effects follow other pathological processes [28, 29].…”

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confidence: 99%

Medical management of paraquat ingestion

Gawarammana¹,

Buckley²

2011

Brit J Clinical Pharma

415

413

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Poisoning by paraquat herbicide is a major medical problem in parts of Asia while sporadic cases occur elsewhere. The very high case fatality of paraquat is due to inherent toxicity and lack of effective treatments. We conducted a systematic search for human studies that report toxicokinetics, mechanisms, clinical features, prognosis and treatment. Paraquat is rapidly but incompletely absorbed and then largely eliminated unchanged in urine within 12-24 h. Clinical features are largely due to intracellular effects. Paraquat generates reactive oxygen species which cause cellular damage via lipid peroxidation, activation of NF-kB, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in many organs. Kinetics of distribution into these target tissues can be described by a two-compartment model. Paraquat is actively taken up against a concentration gradient into lung tissue leading to pneumonitis and lung fibrosis. Paraquat also causes renal and liver injury. Plasma paraquat concentrations, urine and plasma dithionite tests and clinical features provide a good guide to prognosis. Activated charcoal and Fuller's earth are routinely given to minimize further absorption. Gastric lavage should not be performed. Elimination methods such as haemodialysis and haemoperfusion are unlikely to change the clinical course. Immunosuppression with dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone is widely practised, but evidence for efficacy is very weak. Antioxidants such as acetylcysteine and salicylate might be beneficial through free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory and NF-kB inhibitory actions. However, there are no published human trials. The case fatality is very high in all centres despite large variations in treatment.

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“…This is facilitated by proteasome dysfunction that occurs in cells [26]. It is believed that LPO activation is a key initial pathophysiological process in the cascade of destructive disorders in paraquat poisoning [26][27][28][29][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Simultaneously with the activation of LPO, a Ca 2+ -dependent increase in the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane develops, which leads to its depolarization, separation and swelling of the matrix.…”

Section: Ukrainian Journal Of Modern Problems Of Toxicology 2/2021mentioning

confidence: 99%

To substantiation of the list of hazardous highly toxic chemicals that are subject to special control regarding handling, storage, use and disposal. Part III (bipyridyl herbicides paraquat and diquat)

Prodanchuk

Balan

Kravchuk

et al. 2021

UJMTA

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The Aim of the Research. To identify a group of highly toxic chemicals which over the past decades are most often used in deliberate criminal and suicidal incidents, sabotage, and terrorist act; the handling, storage, use and disposal of which must be especially carefully monitored by law enforcement agencies. In this part of the article bipyridyl herbicides paraquat and diquat are considered. Materials and Methods. An analytical review of scientific publications was carried out using the abstract databases of scientific libraries Pub Med, Medline and text databases of scientific publishing houses Elsevier, Pub Med, Central, BMJ group as well as other VIP databases. Methods of systemic, comparative, and content analysis were used. Results and Conclusions. Analytical review of literature data and research carried out at the State Enterprise Scientific Centre of Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety named after Academician L.I. Medved of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, showed that highly toxic bipyridyl herbicides paraquat and diquat can pose a threat to human life and health. Recently, in particular for more than a quarter of a century, they have become a real weapon in the hands of criminals, delinquents, and terrorists all over the world. Suicidal incidents, which also take place along with intentional criminal, terrorist, and sabotage acts, should not be concealed. Based on the analysis of the toxicity, clinical and morphological expression of intoxication when exposed to these chemicals, considering various routes of entry into the body, the need to include them in the List of hazardous highly toxic chemicals, the handling, storage, use, and disposal of which require stricter control of law enforcement agencies, is justified. Key Words: bipyridyl herbicides, paraquat, diquat, health risk, acute poisoning.

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Lipid peroxidation in human paraguat poisoning.

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Continuous hypoxia attenuates paraquat-induced cytotoxicity in the human A549 lung carcinoma cell line

Continuous hypoxia attenuates paraquat-induced cytotoxicity in the human A549 lung carcinoma cell line

Medical management of paraquat ingestion

To substantiation of the list of hazardous highly toxic chemicals that are subject to special control regarding handling, storage, use and disposal. Part III (bipyridyl herbicides paraquat and diquat)

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