Lipid Peroxidation in Obesity: Can Bariatric Surgery Help?

Abstract

Obesity and chronic oxidative stress, often being associated with each other in a vicious circle, are important factors of chronic diseases. Although it was usually considered to accompany aging and wealth, global trends show the increase in obesity among children even in Third World countries. Being manifested by an imbalance between energy consumption and food intake, obesity is characterized by an excessive or abnormal fat accumulation, impaired redox homeostasis and metabolic changes often associated with the self-catalyzed lipid peroxidation generating 4-hydroxynonenal, pluripotent bioactive peroxidation product of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conservative methods targeting obesity produced only modest and transient results in the treatment of morbid obesity. Therefore, in recent years, surgery, primarily bariatric, became an attractive treatment for morbid obesity. Since adipose tissue is well known as a stress organ with pronounced endocrine functions, surgery results in redox balance and metabolic improvement of the entire organism. The source of bioactive lipids and lipid-soluble antioxidants, and the complex pathophysiology of lipid peroxidation should thus be considered from the aspects of personalized and integrative biomedicine to treat obesity in an appropriate way.

Emulsions Using a Vortex-Based Cavitation Device: Influence of Number of Passes, Pressure Drop, and Device Scale on Droplet Size Distributions

“…The energy consumption of HC is an order of magnitude lower than ultrasonication and is more amenable for scale-up. 11,21 Recently, single-step homogenization with a controlled cavitation approach patented by SOLDO cavitators 22 was used for emulsification and gained significant attention in commercial-scale emulsion generation for the food industry. Based on the geometric structure, HC devices can be classified as linear flow devices (such as orifices or venturi) and swirling flow-based HC devices (vortex diodes).…”

Oxidative Stress in Postbariatric Patients: A Systematic Literature Review Exploring the Long-term Effects of Bariatric Surgery

“…Additionally, there is an enhancement in insulin sensitivity and a reduction in triglycerides, along with a decrease in lipid release, such as malondialdehyde and oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein, which is associated with the decrease in lipid peroxidation markers, protein carbonylation, AOPP, and uric acid. 32,34 Other positive implications include an improvement in the M2/M1 ratio, with a tendency toward greater M2 polarization of macrophages and the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma α (PPARα), with the latter being associated with an enhancement of renal function in obesity models. 32 The changes mentioned in the postbariatric surgery process regarding the oxidative stress state are suggested to be related to alterations in gene expression, particularly in the genes ZFP36L1, whose methylation decreased while their expression increased, and USP32, whose methylation increased while their expression decreased in the leukocyte cell line.…”

“…32,34 Other positive implications include an improvement in the M2/M1 ratio, with a tendency toward greater M2 polarization of macrophages and the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma α (PPARα), with the latter being associated with an enhancement of renal function in obesity models. 32 The changes mentioned in the postbariatric surgery process regarding the oxidative stress state are suggested to be related to alterations in gene expression, particularly in the genes ZFP36L1, whose methylation decreased while their expression increased, and USP32, whose methylation increased while their expression decreased in the leukocyte cell line. The role of ZFP36L1 in adipogenesis regulation through the control of PPARG2 expression is noteworthy.…”

Control of lipid metabolism by the dynamic and nutrient‐dependent post‐translational modification O‐GlcNAcylation

“…Along with carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids, lipids are molecules of major biological interest 36 . Yet, lipids suffer from a bad press, mainly on their role in energy storage in the adipose tissue, that is commonly associated with weight gain, obesity, and other related pathologies 37 . However, lipids are vital in many ways.…”