Lipid Peroxidation: Mechanisms, Analysis, Enzymology and Biological Relevance

Kappus, H.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-642760-8.50016-8

Cited by 369 publications

(227 citation statements)

References 201 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

218

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…SOD constitutes the primary defense against the toxic effects of superoxide radicals generated in mitochondria and peroxisomes in aerobic organisms. SOD catalyses the transformation of superoxide radicals to H 2 O 2 and O 2 and is the first enzyme to cope with oxiradicals (Kappus 1985;Kohen and Nyska 2002). Catalase is a peroxisomal enzyme that facilitates the removal of hydrogen peroxide, which is metabolized to molecular oxygen (O 2 ) and water (van der Oost et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipotropes promote immunobiochemical plasticity and protect fish against low-dose pesticide-induced oxidative stress

Muthappa

Gupta

Yengkokpam

et al. 2014

Cell Stress and Chaperones

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of different lipotropes in modulating immunity and biochemical plasticity under conditions of sublethal low-dose pesticide-induced stress in fish. Labeo rohita fish fingerlings were divided in two sets with one set of fish continuously exposed to low-dose endosulfan (1/10th of 96-h LC 50 ) for 21 days, the other was unexposed, and both sets of fish were fed with practical diets supplemented with either 2 % lecithin, 0.5 % betaine, or 0.1 % choline and compared against unsupplemented diet. Low-dose endosulfan exposure had adverse effects (P<0.05/P<0.01) on hematological profile (erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit), serum protein (total protein, albumin, and globulin) and lipid profile (cholesterol and triglyceride), anti-oxidative status (ascorbic acid content of muscle, liver, brain, and kidney and activity of anti-oxidative enzymes: catalase and superoxide dismutase), neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase activity in muscle and brain), immunological attributes (WBC count, albumin to globulin ratio, phagocytic activity, and serum cortisol), and metabolic plasticity as revealed from enzyme activities (muscle lactate dehydrogenase, liver and kidney glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase-G6PDH activity). Dietary lipotropes prevented these effects completely or partially and the effects were lipotrope dependent. Kinetics (maximum velocity value V max , catalytic efficiency and Michaelis constant K m ) of G6PDH enzyme from crude extracts of liver and kidney indicated inhibition due to endosulfan but lipotropes could protect enzyme and showed a stabilizing effect. The supplements also helped maintain integrity of histoarchitecture of the hepatocytes in endosulfan-exposed fish to a great extent. Feeding lipotropes to fish reared in endosulfan-free water also improved hematological and serum protein and lipid profiles and were immunostimulatory. In conclusion, dietary lipotropes, especially betaine and lecithin at the levels used, improve erythropoiesis, serum protein and lipid profile, anti-oxidant status, immunocompetence, neurotransmission, and protect the livers of L. rohita fingerlings even when continuously exposed to low-dose endosulfan.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipotropes promote immunobiochemical plasticity and protect fish against low-dose pesticide-induced oxidative stress

Muthappa

Gupta

Yengkokpam

et al. 2014

Cell Stress and Chaperones

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Reactive oxygen metabolites can interact with cellular constituents, including DNA/RNA, proteins, and unsaturated lipids (1)(2)(3)(4). Previous studies have suggested that hemoproteins may be involved in redox reactions which contribute to tissue and/or organ damage via reaction with hydrogen peroxide (5)(6)(7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Free Radicals on Hemoglobin from its Self-peroxidation Using Mass Spectrometry and Immuno-spin Trapping

Deterding

Ramirez

Dubin

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

113

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In an effort to understand the mechanism of radical formation on heme proteins, the formation of radicals on hemoglobin was initiated by reaction with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO). The DMPO nitrone adducts were analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS) and immuno-spin trapping. The spin-trapped protein adducts were then subjected to tryptic digestion and MS analyses. When hemoglobin was reacted with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in the presence of DMPO, a DMPO nitrone adduct could be detected by immuno-spin trapping. To verify that DMPO adducts of the protein free radicals had been formed, the reaction mixtures were analyzed by flow injection electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS). The ESI mass spectrum of the hemoglobin/H 2 O 2 /DMPO sample shows one adduct each on both the ␣ chain and the ␤ chain of hemoglobin which corresponds in mass to the addition of one DMPO molecule. The nature of the radicals formed on hemoglobin was explored using proteolysis techniques followed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses. The following sites of DMPO addition were identified on hemoglobin: Cys-93 of the ␤ chain, and Tyr-42, Tyr-24, and His-20 of the ␣ chain. Because of the pi-pi interaction of Tyr-24 and His-20, the unpaired electron is apparently delocalized on both the tyrosine and histidine residue (pi-pi stacked pair radical).

show abstract

“…It has been shown that another antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidase increases with age in the rat. 'K· 1 " The peroxidation of membrane lipids as a result of an age-related increase in oxygen radicals 22 is the central dogma of the free radical theory of aging. 19 However, the data reported in this study (Figs 1 and 2) would suggest that the aged brain has a decreased prooxidant/antioxidant ratio, and therefore increases in lipid peroxidation should not occur.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent protein damage despite reduced oxygen radical formation in the aging rat brain

LeBel

Bondy

1991

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-The relation between cerebral oxygen radicals and the aging process was investigated in crude synaptosomal (P2) fractions from rats. The rate of formation of oxygen radicals was measured using the probe 2' .7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). which is de-esterified and subsequently oxidized by oxygen radicals to a fluorescent product 2', 7' -dichlorofluorescein ( DCF). There was a significant agedependent decrease in the formation rate of oxygen radicals. observed by decreased formation of DCF. No difference in oxygen radical formation was apparent between age groups following an in vitro challenge with an ascorbate/FeSO. mixture. This age-dependent decrease in cerebral oxygen radical generation coincided with age-dependent increases in superoxide dismutase. No age-related alterations in lipid order in either the hydrophilic or lipophilic membrane regions were observed using fluorescence polarization analysis. Age-dependent losses in cerebral P2 tryptophan fluorescence (a measure of protein degradation). and increased liberation of [ 1 •C)protein fragments into the acid-soluble fraction (a measure of overall proteolytic activity) were observed. Results suggest that aging does not proceed as a result of elevated rates of generation of oxygen radicals, a finding that does not support the proposed free radical theory of aging. The observed age-dependent decrease in the formation of oxygen radicals does not effect membrane lipid order. These findings implicate modifications in proteins and activated protein catabolic pathways as major contributing factors in the normal physiological process of senescence.

show abstract

Lipid Peroxidation: Mechanisms, Analysis, Enzymology and Biological Relevance

Cited by 369 publications

References 201 publications

Lipotropes promote immunobiochemical plasticity and protect fish against low-dose pesticide-induced oxidative stress

Lipotropes promote immunobiochemical plasticity and protect fish against low-dose pesticide-induced oxidative stress

Identification of Free Radicals on Hemoglobin from its Self-peroxidation Using Mass Spectrometry and Immuno-spin Trapping

Persistent protein damage despite reduced oxygen radical formation in the aging rat brain

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About