Lipid Profiling and Microstructure Characteristics of Goat Milk Fat from Different Stages of Lactation

Abstract

Goat milk at different lactations show varied lipids distributions, which are potentially dietary influencing factors for the health of human consumers. Herein, the effects of lactation stages (colostral, transitional, and mature stages) on lipid profiling and microstructure of goat milk fat (GMF) were investigated. A total of 359 species of triacylglycerols (TAGs), 27 species of diacylglycerols (DAGs), and 10 classes of phospholipids (PLs) were identified using high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HR-MS/MS). Of importance, goat transitional milk presented the highest levels of MUFA (29.51%) and lyso-phospholipids (7.95% of total PLs) among these three different lactations. A lactation-dependent attenuation was found at the level of PUFA in goat milk, particularly long-chain PUFA ω-6. Similar behavior was observed in the total proportions of POO (16:0/18:1/18:1) and PSL (16:0/18:0/18:2), presenting a decrease from 3.70% to 3.23% as the proceeding period from colostrum to mature. The relative contents of sphingomyelin and cholesterol in goat colostrum were approximately twice and three times that in mature milk, respectively. Unlikely, both PMCy+MCaM

Comparative Lipidomic Analysis Reveals the Lactational Changes in the Lipid Profiles of Chinese Human Milk

“…Lipid Extraction for GC and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The extraction of total lipid was accomplished by the method described by Zhang et al 12 First, individual breast milk samples were mixed with threefold volume CHCl 3 /MeOH (2/1, v/v). Then, the mixed solution was treated by ultrasound (30 °C, 30 min) and centrifugation (10,000 rpm, 4 °C, 10 min).…”

Real-Time Profiling and Distinction of Lipids from Different Mammalian Milks Using Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry Combined with Chemometric Analysis

“…The results are recorded in Table . As there are only a few literature studies available for lipids of JeM, only the composition and content of TGs of GoM, BuM, and HoM were compared with those published literature studies. ,,− As indicated in Table , the relative contents of ions detected in this study were mostly within the range reported in the published literature studies. The minor difference could be attributed to the different origins of milk, interference from the fatty acyl fragments of glycerides, and detection techniques.…”

Expression Patterns of Major Genes in Fatty Acid Synthesis, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Related Pathways and Quality Parameters During the Transition From Colostrum to Milk in Dairy Goats

“…However, it has increased in the transition processes from colostrum to mature milk in this study. Although it has known that nutrition has important effects on milk fatty acid pro le, studies show that the lactation period is another major point on this parameter 25,26 . While there have been controversial reports about fatty acid pro le of milk in different lactation stages 24,27 , it has been showed up fatty acid pro le of goat milk is one of the most variable components among the lactation period, together with milk yield and composition 26 .…”