Lipid rafts can form in the inner and outer membranes of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> and have different properties and associated proteins

Toledo, Álvaro; Huang, Zhen; Coleman, James L.; London, Erwin; Benach, Jorge L.

doi:10.1111/mmi.13914

Cited by 44 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Our data and the data of others (24) indicate that bbk13 is constitutively expressed at high levels throughout the enzootic cycle. Consistent with the identification of BBK13 as one of the proteins associated with inner membrane lipid rafts of B. burgdorferi (28), we have shown that BBK13 is a non-surface-exposed membrane-associated protein. Overall, the inner membrane lipid rafts were found to be associated with proteins with transport and signaling functions (28), perhaps suggesting that the function of BBK13 lies within one or both of these categories.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Consistent with the identification of BBK13 as one of the proteins associated with inner membrane lipid rafts of B. burgdorferi (28), we have shown that BBK13 is a non-surface-exposed membrane-associated protein. Overall, the inner membrane lipid rafts were found to be associated with proteins with transport and signaling functions (28), perhaps suggesting that the function of BBK13 lies within one or both of these categories. Despite not being surface exposed, BBK13, like other bacterial SIMPL domain-containing proteins (30)(31)(32), was found to be immunogenic.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…bbk13 Contributes to B. burgdorferi Infectivity Infection and Immunity pelle-like kinase) domain (26,27). Furthermore, the BBK13 protein has recently been identified to be one of the proteins associated with inner membrane lipid rafts of B. burgdorferi (28). A protein BLAST analysis of the BBK13 amino acid sequence found that SIMPL domain-containing putative membrane-associated proteins are present across a broad number of pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacterial species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Borrelia burgdorferi bbk13 Is Critical for Spirochete Population Expansion in the Skin during Early Infection

et al. 2019

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Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted via the bite of an infected tick. B. burgdorferi enters the skin, disseminates via the bloodstream, and infects various distal tissues, leading to inflammatory sequelae, such as Lyme arthritis and Lyme carditis. B. burgdorferi linear plasmid 36 (lp36) is critical for mammalian infectivity; however, the full complement of genes on lp36 that contribute to this process remains unknown. Through a targeted mutagenesis screen of the genes on lp36, we identified a novel infectivity gene of unknown function, bbk13, which encodes an immunogenic, non-surface-exposed membrane protein that is important for efficient mammalian infection. Loss of bbk13 resulted in reduced spirochete loads in distal tissues in a mouse model of infection. Through a detailed analysis of B. burgdorferi infection kinetics, we discovered that bbk13 is important for promoting spirochete proliferation in the skin inoculation site. The attenuated ability of Δbbk13 spirochetes to proliferate in the inoculation site was followed by reduced numbers of B. burgdorferi spirochetes in the bloodstream and, ultimately, consistently reduced spirochete loads in distal tissues. Together, our data indicate that bbk13 contributes to disseminated infection by promoting spirochete proliferation in the early phase of infection in the skin. This work not only increases the understanding of the contribution of the genes on lp36 to B. burgdorferi infection but also begins to define the genetic basis for B. burgdorferi expansion in the skin during localized infection and highlights the influence of the early expansion of spirochetes in the skin on the outcome of infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Borrelia burgdorferi bbk13 Is Critical for Spirochete Population Expansion in the Skin during Early Infection

et al. 2019

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“…Given that bacterial MVs can fuse with the lipid rafts in eukaryotic cells, microdomains in bacterial cells may also function as the contact sites for MVs. Functional microdomains in the membrane that contain certain lipids, such as PE, CL, diacylglycerols, cholesterols, or polyisoprenoids, have been suggested in various bacteria, including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive species (Matsumoto et al, 2006;LaRocca et al, 2010LaRocca et al, , 2013López and Kolter, 2010;Toledo et al, 2018) although their compositions and structural bases remain largely unknown. PE and CL, which are inverted hexagonal phase-forming lipids, are major components of bacterial MVs, and the transition from the lamellar bilayer phase to the inverted hexagonal phase could facilitate the merging of lipids required for membrane fusion, once MVs come in contact with the cell (Powell and Marsh, 1985;Lewis and McElhaney, 1993;Kinnunen, 1996;Mondal Roy and Sarker, 2011).…”

Section: Composition and Action Mechanisms Of Omvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cracking Open Bacterial Membrane Vesicles

2020

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Membrane vesicles (MVs) are nanoparticles composed of lipid membranes that are produced by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. MVs have been assigned diverse biological functions, and they show great potential for applications in various fields. However, the mechanisms underlying their functions and biogenesis are not completely understood. Accumulating evidence shows that MVs are heterogenous, and different types of MVs with different compositions are released from the same species. To understand the origin and function of these MVs, determining the biochemical properties of MVs is important. In this review, we will discuss recent progress in understanding the biochemical composition and properties of MVs.

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“…Moreover, glycans are known to allow proteins to reorganize (or self-associate) themselves spatially on the cell surface through PCI or carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions (CCI) [64,83] to form 'lipid rafts' [58,59,146,147]. These microdomains, or clusters of glycoproteins (lectins) [148] and glycolipids, once formed, regulate several biological functions [149][150][151][152], including immune reactions [116,153].…”

Section: Glycans Are Reactive Chemical Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances In Nutritional Sciences: An Overview Of Glycans And MiRNAs

Menapace¹

2018

J Nutr Food Sci

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There are many nutritional substances that humans consume on a daily basis: water, carbohydrates lipids and proteins are main biochemical components of food. But others in a smaller amount are vitamins minerals and enzymes. At a possibly lesser quantity are glycans and miRNAs. The presence of oligoglycans in all food sources has been an established fact for many years. These special carbohydrates are present as glycoconjugates (glycoproteins or glycolipids) in and on the surface of all the cells (glycocalyx) of all organisms that we eat and remain intact through the GI tract as we lack the enzymatic repertoire of the human body to unbind their particular β-linkages. Glycans bind to naturally present human lectins (through protein-carbohydrate interactions), but also with other human glycans (through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, or CCI). Moreover, these glycans, like fibres, are digested by the gut microbiota that resides within the intestine. As our biochemistry shapes the composition of the microbiome, so does the composition of glycans and foods that we consume, triggering biological responses. miRNAs are small, single-stranded, 19-to 23-nucleotide-long RNA molecules and affect the stability of messenger RNA (mRNA) influencing protein synthesis. miRNAs are also present in foods and act on both the microbial composition in our gut and may be absorbed by the walls of the GI tract, demonstrating resistance to food processing and enzymatic attack. Though still a topic of controversy, these small, noncoding RNAs that control gene expression may directly enter into the circulating miRNA population of dietary exogenous miRNAs. It can hence be possible to identify a relationship between glycans and miRNAs in food on one side, microbiota composition on the other and the resultant health status of the host (immune system), on the third side.

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Lipid rafts can form in the inner and outer membranes of Borrelia burgdorferi and have different properties and associated proteins

Cited by 44 publications

References 72 publications

Borrelia burgdorferi bbk13 Is Critical for Spirochete Population Expansion in the Skin during Early Infection

Borrelia burgdorferi bbk13 Is Critical for Spirochete Population Expansion in the Skin during Early Infection

Cracking Open Bacterial Membrane Vesicles

Recent Advances In Nutritional Sciences: An Overview Of Glycans And MiRNAs

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