Lipid Rafts in Exosome Biogenesis

Skryabin, Gleb O; Komelkov, A. V.; Savelyeva, Elizaveta E; Tchevkina, Elena M.

doi:10.1134/s0006297920020054

Cited by 82 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Although the processes of endocytosis on PM and the formation of ILVs on endosome membranes appear to be similar, the role of raft proteins in Exo biogenesis is still poorly understood. 15 The presence of Flot-1 and Flot-2 in the composition of Exo has been repeatedly shown. 16,17 Moreover, there is evidence of their participation in the exosomal cargo selection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Stomatin is highly expressed in exosomes of different origin and is a promising candidate as an exosomal marker

Skryabin¹,

Komelkov²,

Galetsky³

et al. 2020

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Proteins involved in the organizing of lipid rafts can be found in exosomes, as shown for caveolin‐1, and they could contribute to exosomal cargo sorting, as shown for flotillins. Stomatin belongs to the same stomatin/prohibitin/flotillin/HflK/C family of lipid rafts proteins, but it has never been studied in exosomes except for extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from blood cells. Here we first show the presence of stomatin in exosomes produced by epithelial cancer cells (non–small cell lung cancer, breast, and ovarian cancer cells) as well as in EVs from biological fluids, including blood plasma, ascitic fluids, and uterine flushings. A high abundance of stomatin in EVs of various origins and its enrichment in exosomes make stomatin a promising exosomal marker. Comparison with other lipid raft proteins and exosomal markers showed that the level of stomatin protein in exosomes from different sources corresponds well to that of CD9, while it differs essentially from flotillin‐1 and flotillin‐2 homologs, which in turn are present in exosomes in nearly equal proportions. In contrast, the level of vesicular caveolin‐1 as well as its EV‐to‐cellular ratio vary drastically depending on cell type.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Stomatin is highly expressed in exosomes of different origin and is a promising candidate as an exosomal marker

Skryabin¹,

Komelkov²,

Galetsky³

et al. 2020

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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“…Phospholipases are enzymes that generate bioactive cleavage products, such as lysophospholipids and free fatty acids by cleaving membrane phospholipids. They can be broadly divided into two main groups depending on the site of phospholipid molecule cleavage [ 29 ]. Phospholipases A and B are acylhydrolases, hydrolyzing ester bonds at sn-1 and sn-2 position of the phospholipid molecule, while phospholipases C and D are phosphodiesterases [ 30 ].…”

Section: Phospholipases Play a Key Role In Allergiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phospholipases A and B are acylhydrolases, hydrolyzing ester bonds at sn-1 and sn-2 position of the phospholipid molecule, while phospholipases C and D are phosphodiesterases [ 30 ]. Generally, phospholipases differ in their tissue expression patterns, cellular location, as well as substrate specificity [ 29 ]. Due to their ability to produce bioactive lipid mediators, they have long been considered as important enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation [ 31 ].…”

Section: Phospholipases Play a Key Role In Allergiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Role of Phospholipase-Derived Cleavage Products in Regulating Eosinophil Activity: Focus on Lysophospholipids, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids

Knuplez

Sturm

Marsche

2021

IJMS

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Eosinophils are important effector cells involved in allergic inflammation. When stimulated, eosinophils release a variety of mediators initiating, propagating, and maintaining local inflammation. Both, the activity and concentration of secreted and cytosolic phospholipases (PLAs) are increased in allergic inflammation, promoting the cleavage of phospholipids and thus the production of reactive lipid mediators. Eosinophils express high levels of secreted phospholipase A2 compared to other leukocytes, indicating their direct involvement in the production of lipid mediators during allergic inflammation. On the other side, eosinophils have also been recognized as crucial mediators with regulatory and homeostatic roles in local immunity and repair. Thus, targeting the complex network of lipid mediators offer a unique opportunity to target the over-activation and ‘pro-inflammatory’ phenotype of eosinophils without compromising the survival and functions of tissue-resident and homeostatic eosinophils. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the critical role of phospholipase-derived lipid mediators in modulating eosinophil activity in health and disease. We focus on lysophospholipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and eicosanoids with exciting new perspectives for future drug development.

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“…In the former, ubiquitinated proteins are selected by the members of the ESCRT complex [9][10][11], while in the latter, sphingosine-1-phosphate, Hsc70, and tetraspanins participate in protein selection [9,12]. In addition, the sorting of some proteins may depend on their interaction with lipid raft components [13]. The sorting of miRNAs is based on their interaction with RNA-binding proteins that are targeted to EVs, their abundance in cells, and their sequence [8,14].…”

Section: Classification and Biogenesis Of Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles and Renal Fibrosis: An Odyssey toward a New Therapeutic Approach

Kosanović

Llorente

Glamočlija

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Renal fibrosis is a complex disorder characterized by the destruction of kidney parenchyma. There is currently no cure for this devastating condition. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles released from cells in both physiological and diseased states. Given their fundamental role in transferring biomolecules to recipient cells and their ability to cross biological barriers, EVs have been widely investigated as potential cell-free therapeutic agents. In this review, we provide an overview of EVs, focusing on their functional role in renal fibrosis and signaling messengers responsible for EV-mediated crosstalk between various renal compartments. We explore recent findings regarding the renoprotective effect of EVs and their use as therapeutic agents in renal fibrosis. We also highlight advantages and future perspectives of the therapeutic applications of EVs in renal diseases.

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Lipid Rafts in Exosome Biogenesis

Cited by 82 publications

References 98 publications

Stomatin is highly expressed in exosomes of different origin and is a promising candidate as an exosomal marker

Stomatin is highly expressed in exosomes of different origin and is a promising candidate as an exosomal marker

Emerging Role of Phospholipase-Derived Cleavage Products in Regulating Eosinophil Activity: Focus on Lysophospholipids, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids

Extracellular Vesicles and Renal Fibrosis: An Odyssey toward a New Therapeutic Approach

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