Lipid rafts in psychiatry

Wray, Nathan; Rasenick, Mark M.

doi:10.1016/bs.apha.2019.04.001

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…The social preference and social novelty were high in the control groups in both sexes, with a discrimination index above 50%, which is usually considered to be a good measure of the animals' discrimination ability [51]. Paroxetine treatment also led to increased social preference in both sexes under normal conditions (without stress in this case), while it reduced social novelty, leading to a discrimination index below 50%, in males only, probably by specifically blocking neuronal serotonin transporter (SERT), which affects males more and increases their chances of ADHD [52,53]. Donepezil treatment also led to increased social preference but a reduced and equal interaction with both stranger rats during session 2, with a discrimination index of 50%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sexually Dimorphic Effects of Neuromodulatory Drugs on Normal and Stress-Induced Social Interaction in Rats

Ishaq,

Ahmed

2023

Brain Sciences

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Social behavior is a complex term which involves different interactions between various individuals of a community. It is controlled by different neurotransmitter systems in a sexually dimorphic way. Certain environmental factors, like stress, cause various neurological disorders with associated social abnormalities in a sexually dimorphic way. Multiple drugs are used in clinical settings to treat behavioral disorders. However, the sexually dimorphic effects of these drugs, particularly on social behavior, still need to be studied. The present study was designed to investigate the sex-dependent effects of Risperidone, Donepezil, and Paroxetine in 8–12 weeks old male and female rats under normal and stressed conditions. There were four male and four female groups, i.e., control group (no drug treatment), Risperidone (3 mg/kg/day) treated group, Donepezil (5 mg/kg/day) treated group, and Paroxetine (10 mg/kg/day) treated group. Each group received its respective drug during phase 1 for 21 days, followed by a 10-day break with no drug treatment. After the break, same groups received the same drugs along with tilt-cage stress for an additional 21 days during phase 2. A social preference and novelty test was performed at the end of both phases (1 and 2). During phase 1, Risperidone treatment caused impaired social behavior and reduced locomotion in the male group only, compared to its control group. Donepezil treatment caused a reduction in social interaction, while Paroxetine treatment caused increased social interaction and locomotion in a sex-dependent manner. During phase 2, social novelty was affected in both male and female stress groups. Treatment with drugs along with stress showed differential sex-dependent effects. The study showed a predominant effect of Risperidone on males while there were differential effects of Donepezil and Paroxetine on both sexes. This study has paved the way for the development of more targeted and effective neuromodulatory drugs for use against various psychiatric and social deficits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sexually Dimorphic Effects of Neuromodulatory Drugs on Normal and Stress-Induced Social Interaction in Rats

Ishaq,

Ahmed

2023

Brain Sciences

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“…Chronic intracellular G-protein subunit Gas signaling causes anxiety-like behavior [ 14 ]. G-proteins, which are associated with neurotransmission in psychiatric diseases such as depression and anxiety, are located in lipid rafts [ 14 , 33 ]. The second important result in the current study is the statistically significant increase in serum Raftlin levels, which is important in the cellular response associated with poly I:C [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, serum Raftlin levels were measured, which give information about global changes, and these values may not reflect the change at the cellular level. However, detailed evaluation of the amount, location and signal transduction of lipid raft proteins is difficult due to their motile appearance and submicroscopic scale [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Levels of 8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2α and Raftlin in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Hurşitoğlu

Kurutaş

2023

Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci

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Objective: Although there are neurobiological studies of patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), the topic is still open to research. Lipid peroxidation can generate new molecular signal sequences by altering protein amounts and activity. 8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) is known to be an important lipid peroxidation marker. Raftlin, which is defined as a major lipid raft protein, is important for the regulation of signal transduction and inflammatory processes. Methods: Our aim in this study was to compare the 8-iso-PGF2α and Raftlin levels of forty patients diagnosed with GAD and 40 healthy controls (age-sex and body mass index-matched). Results: In the present study, increased serum 8-iso-PGF2α and Raftlin levels were found in patients with GAD compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine 8-iso-PGF2α and Raftlin levels in patients with GAD. These results expand our knowledge of oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in patients with GAD. Our study should be considered preliminary and further studies should be performed with larger sample groups comparing values before and after treatment.

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“…Once released from the presynaptic terminal serotonin acts on various presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors which are also targets of numerous drugs. The action of serotonin on its receptors at the synapses is terminated mainly by an active reuptake process mediated by the serotonin transporter (SERT), a sodium and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter [14,15].…”

Section: Neurochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin: The Link between Gut Microbiome and Brain

Margoob,

Kouser,

Jan

2024

Serotonin - Neurotransmitter and Hormone of Brain, Bowels and Blood

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Serotonin, as a neurotransmitter plays a key role in regulating mood, sleep, appetite, and various physiological processes. Serotonin is closely linked to the microbiome-gut-brain axis, which is a bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain facilitated by the gut microbiome which consists of trillions of microorganisms that inhabit the digestive tract. This connection is a growing area of research and serotonin produced in the gut is being investigated for its potential impact on human personality, mood, and overall health. Microbiome influences serotonin production, serotonin precursor metabolism, serotonin reuptake, and immune system modulation. A balanced microbiome is crucial for regulating homeostasis and stress response and altered gut microbiota composition has been linked to depression, anxiety, bipolar, schizophrenia, stress-related, and autism spectrum disorders. Microbiome-based interventions might help to regulate the immune response, neuroprotection, and neuroplasticity to reduce neuroinflammation and thus prove crucial to modifying the course of major depressive, bipolar, and related disorders where inflammation is evidenced to lead to the progression of illnesses. Microbiome-based interventions such as probiotic supplementation influence the production of neuroactive compounds and have the potential to bridge the treatment gap for Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease and might prove to be a turning point for the treatment of obesity-associated systemic low-level inflammation, whether psychotropic medication related or otherwise. The gut microbiome offers a novel possibility to employ manipulation of the gut microbiota as a non-invasive measure in health and disease, especially at a time when the clinical field of forthcoming psychotropics looks exhausted.

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Lipid rafts in psychiatry

Cited by 5 publications

References 108 publications

Sexually Dimorphic Effects of Neuromodulatory Drugs on Normal and Stress-Induced Social Interaction in Rats

Sexually Dimorphic Effects of Neuromodulatory Drugs on Normal and Stress-Induced Social Interaction in Rats

Serum Levels of 8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2α and Raftlin in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Serotonin: The Link between Gut Microbiome and Brain

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