Lipid-related thiamine deficiency cause mortality of river lampreys (Lampetra fluviatilis) during pre-spawning fasting

Vuorinen, Pekka J.; Juntunen, Esa-Pekka; Iivari, Juha; Koski, Perttu; Nikonen, Soili; Rokka, Mervi; Ritvanen, Tiina; Pakkala, Jukka; Heinimaa, Petri; Keinänen, Marja

doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2023.102946

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

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“…The eggs were sampled by stripping ovulated eggs from fish on a sieve to filter off the ovarian fluid, and ca. 1 dL of unfertilized eggs was sealed in a zip-lock polyethylene bag as a single layer [8,50]. Approximately 200 g of white epaxial muscle from below the dorsal fin was taken from the fish that were killed after the stripping of eggs and put in a zip-lock polyethylene bag [8,50].…”

Section: Salmon and Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 dL of unfertilized eggs was sealed in a zip-lock polyethylene bag as a single layer [8,50]. Approximately 200 g of white epaxial muscle from below the dorsal fin was taken from the fish that were killed after the stripping of eggs and put in a zip-lock polyethylene bag [8,50]. After collection, the samples were immediately frozen at −20 • C and sent in dry ice to the laboratory, where they were preserved in a freezer at −80 • C [8] until being analyzed within 3-6 weeks.…”

Section: Salmon and Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a strong year-class of herring was hatched in the Gulf of Bothnia in 2014 [93], the diet in both the Baltic Proper and the Gulf of Bothnia caused thiamine deficiency in salmon females in 2015-2017 and as a result, M74 mortality among the offspring [8]. Likewise, the largest of the lampreys, mostly females, which ascended the River Perhonjoki on the southeastern Bothnian Bay for spawning in the fall of 2014, died of thiamine deficiency before spawning in the spring of 2015 after suffering from M74 symptoms during the pre-spawning mid-winter fast [4]. The lampreys had apparently also fed on abundant young herring in the Gulf of Bothnia during the summer of 2014, as well as on salmon [94] that remained in the Gulf of Bothnia or those that migrated for spawning to the Gulf of Bothnia rivers in record numbers in 2014 [93].…”

Section: Abundance Of Young Clupeids Increased N−3 Pufa Content and T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency in fatty predatory fish results from an unbalanced diet abundant in fatty marine prey fish and thereby an excessive dietary intake of n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n−3 PUFAs) [1,2]. It has affected salmonine species and lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) [2][3][4][5] and is called the M74 syndrome in the Baltic region [1][2][3]6] and Thiamine Deficiency Complex (TDC) in North America [7]. M74 has impaired the reproduction of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) feeding in the Baltic Sea (hereafter Baltic salmon or salmon), especially in the 1990s, but also after [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thiamine Deficiency M74 Developed in Salmon (Salmo salar) Stocks in Two Baltic Sea Areas after the Hatching of Large Year-Classes of Two Clupeid Species—Detected by Fatty Acid Signature Analysis

Vuorinen,

Käkelä,

Pakarinen

et al. 2024

Fishes

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Lipid-related thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency of Baltic salmon (Salmo salar), the M74 syndrome, is generally caused by feeding on abundant young sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in the Baltic Proper, the main foraging area of these salmon. In 2014, a strong year-class of sprat was hatched in the Baltic Proper, and a strong herring (Clupea harengus) year-class was hatched in the Gulf of Bothnia, where herring is the dominant salmon prey. The fatty acid (FA) signatures of prey fish in muscle or eggs of second sea-year spawners suggested that 27% of wild River Simojoki and 68% of reared River Dal salmon remained in the Gulf of Bothnia in 2014 instead of continuing to the Baltic Proper. In 2016, 23% of the M74 females of the River Simojoki and 58% of the River Dal originated from the Gulf of Bothnia, and 13% and 16%, respectively, originated from the Baltic Proper. Some salmon from the River Neris in the southern Baltic Proper had also been feeding in the Gulf of Bothnia. In general, low free thiamine (THIAM) concentration in eggs was associated with high lipid content and high docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n−3) and n−3 polyunsaturated FA (n−3 PUFA) concentrations in muscle but not in eggs. A higher THIAM concentration and lower proportions of DHA and n−3 PUFAs in Arctic Ocean salmon eggs, despite higher egg lipid content, indicated that their diet contained fewer fatty fish than the Baltic salmon diet. Hence, M74 originated by foraging heavily on young fatty sprat in the Baltic Proper or herring in the Gulf of Bothnia.

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