Lipid secretory mechanisms in the mammalian Harderian gland

Satoh, Yuichi; Gesase, Ainory Peter; Habara, Yoshiaki; Ono, Kazuyuki; Kanno, Tomio

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19960601)34:2<104::aid-jemt2>3.0.co;2-s

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Adrenergic nerve fi bers and cholinergic fi bers are associated with blood vessels and secretory and myoepithelial cells in the murine Harderian gland, respectively ( 44 ). Increased levels of both choline and the thyroid hormone T3 has been shown to lead to increased lipid secretion from the Harderian gland in rats ( 21,36,39 ). However, ACBP Ϫ / Ϫ mice neither presented increased glandular levels of choline nor increased plasma levels of T3 ( Fig.…”

Section: Impairment Of the Epidermal Barrier Activates The Harderian mentioning

confidence: 77%

“…First, although total content of MADAG was decreased in glands from ACBP Ϫ / Ϫ mice, we show that there is a signifi cant increase in the de novo synthesis of MADAG in these glands. Second, vesicles in ACBP Ϫ / Ϫ glands are larger and contain more lipids compared with vesicles in ACBP +/+ mice, a phenomenon also observed in choline-stimulated Harderian glands ( 21,39,40 ). An estimate of the percentage of the gland volume taken up by vesicles indicates that the relative vesicle volume is slightly increased in glands from ACBP Ϫ / Ϫ mice relative to ACBP +/+ mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gland contains more than 20% lipids per wet weight, where neutral lipids constitute 55-57% of total lipids ( 19 ). The main lipid species in the murine Harderian gland is monoalkyl diacylglycerol (MADAG) ( 19,20 ), which is secreted in an exocrine fashion onto the external surface of the cornea ( 21 ). Although the function(s) of the Harderian gland is still not completely understood, it is well established that lipids produced in the Harderian gland lubricate and protect the cornea and are used for grooming of the fur ( 22 ).…”

Section: De Novo Lipid Synthesis and Total Lipid Quantifi Cation In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Compromised epidermal barrier stimulates Harderian gland activity and hypertrophy in ACBP−/− mice

Bek

Neess

Dixen

et al. 2015

Journal of Lipid Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Impairment Of the Epidermal Barrier Activates The Harderian mentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: De Novo Lipid Synthesis and Total Lipid Quantifi Cation In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Compromised epidermal barrier stimulates Harderian gland activity and hypertrophy in ACBP−/− mice

Bek

Neess

Dixen

et al. 2015

Journal of Lipid Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Our histochemical study demonstrates the lipidic nature of type I vesicles. This agrees with the hypothesis proposed by several authors regarding the merocrine mechanism of lipid secretion in HG (Sakai 1981;Satoh et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy, histology, histochemistry and fine structure of the Harderian gland in the South American armadillo Chaetophractus villosus (Xenarthra, Mammalia)

Marcos

Affanni

2005

Anat Embryol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The anatomical, histological, histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of the Harderian gland of the armadillo Chaetophractus villosus were described. The gland is the largest structure in the bony orbit. It is situated in the anteroventral region of the orbit. Obvious structural differences are not observed between males and females. The gland is compound-branched tubulo-alveolar, being characterized by a single layer of columnar cells surrounded by myoepithelial cells. It possesses a single excretory duct opened into the inner canthus. All glandular cells show yellow-green autofluorescence and additionally some glandular lumen may contain dense autofluorescent solid accretions. There are two peculiar and outstanding cytoplasmic features. One is represented by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), forming a closely woven meshwork. The other one is represented by "membranous bodies" apparently derived from the SER, RER and cytoskeleton with a "Star of David" configuration situated in the supranuclear region. Three types of vesicles are detected in the cytoplasm. Histochemical staining methods reveal lipids, proteins, neutral and acidic containing glycoconjugates in secretory vesicles. The mechanism of secretion appears either merocrine or apocrine. The epithelium of the intra- and inter-lobular excretory ducts suggests secretory activity. Tubulo-acinar glands similar to those seen in the lacrimal gland and nictitans glands are found related to the intralobular and main excretory ducts. The capillary network is characterized by fenestrated endothelium. The stroma possesses unmyelinated axons and plasma cells. The normal secretion of the secretory endpieces, particularly lipids, proteins and glycoconjugates, is complemented by mucous and serous secretions released by ductal cells and glands associated to the ducts.

show abstract

“…In contrast to the acinar morphology of the LG, the HG has a tubulo-alveolar organization and is composed exclusively of one type of secretory cell (Payne, 1994). The mature HG is the largest ocular gland in rodents (Payne, 1994) and it secretes lipids, melatonin and porphyrins, the role of which in protection of ocular surface is not completely clear (Satoh et al, 1996;Villapando et al, 2005). In primates, the HG is either absent or vestigial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Barx2 and Fgf10 regulate ocular glands branching morphogenesis by controlling extracellular matrix remodeling

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe lacrimal gland (LG) develops through branching morphogenesis and produces secretions, including tears, that lubricate and protect the ocular surface. Despite the prevalence of LG disorders such as dry eye, relatively little is known about the regulation of LG development. In this study, we show that the homeobox transcription factor Barx2 is highly expressed in conjunctival epithelium, eyelids and ocular [lacrimal, harderian (HG), and meibomian (MG)] glands and is necessary for normal ocular gland and eyelid development. Barx2 -/-mice show defective LG morphogenesis, absence of the HG, and defects in MG and eyelid fusion. Ex vivo antisense assays confirm the requirement for Barx2 in LG bud elongation and branching. Gene expression profiles reveal decreased expression of several adhesion and matrix remodeling molecules in Barx2 -/-LGs. In culture, Barx2 regulates expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and epithelial cell migration through the extracellular matrix. Fibroblast growth factors are crucial regulators of LG development and we show that Barx2 is required for Fgf10-induced LG bud elongation and that both Barx2 and Fgf10 cooperate in the regulation of MMPs. Together, these data suggest a mechanism for the effects of loss of Barx2 on ocular gland development. Intriguingly, salivary glands that also express a high level of Barx2 develop normally in Barx2 -/-mice and do not show altered levels of MMPs. Thus, the function of Barx2 is specific to ocular gland development. Based on our data, we propose a functional network involving Barx2, Fgf10 and MMPs that plays an essential role in regulating branching morphogenesis of the ocular glands.

show abstract

Lipid secretory mechanisms in the mammalian Harderian gland

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

Compromised epidermal barrier stimulates Harderian gland activity and hypertrophy in ACBP−/− mice

Compromised epidermal barrier stimulates Harderian gland activity and hypertrophy in ACBP−/− mice

Anatomy, histology, histochemistry and fine structure of the Harderian gland in the South American armadillo Chaetophractus villosus (Xenarthra, Mammalia)

Barx2 and Fgf10 regulate ocular glands branching morphogenesis by controlling extracellular matrix remodeling

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About