Lipid synthesis from acetate by the in vitro incubated ovaries of the penaeid shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus

Shenker, Ofer; Tietz, Alisa; Ovadia, Michael; Tom, Moshe

doi:10.1007/bf00349769

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Linoleic (18 : 2ω6) and linolenic acid are essential for almost all animals because organisms without chlorophyll lack the ∆15 desaturase. Consistent with this, Moreno, Moreno & Brenner (1979) found the marine copepod Paracalanus parvus and Kanazawa et al (Kanazawa, Teshima & Endo 1979a;Kanazawa et al 1979b) and Shenker et al (1993) found four species of the prawn Penaeus could synthesize SAFA and MUFA de novo, but could not synthesize PUFA de novo. Blomquist, Borgeson & Vundla (1991), however, showed that some terrestrial omnivorous insects are unique in possessing the ∆12 desaturase and are thus able to convert the monounsaturate oleic acid (18 : 1ω9) to linoleic acid (18 : 2ω6), thereby eliminating a strict need for plant-derived PUFA in their diets (Blomquist et al, 1991).…”

Section: Hufa Biochemistry Synthesis and Metabolismsupporting

confidence: 53%

The role of highly unsaturated fatty acids in aquatic foodweb processes

1997

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1. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are almost exclusively synthesized by plants. Animals can convert from one form of PUFA to another through elongation and desaturation, but very few can synthesize PUFA de novo. PUFA play an important role in regulating cell membrane properties, serve as precursors for important animal hormones and are essential for animals. 2. In aquaculture studies, highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), a subset of PUFA, have been found to be critical for maintaining high growth, survival and reproductive rates and high food conversion efficiencies for a wide variety of marine and freshwater organisms. 3. The plankton literature suggests high food‐quality algae species are rich in HUFA and low food‐quality algae are poor in HUFA. Adding semi‐pure emulsions of HUFA to algae monocultures can markedly increase the growth rates of zooplankton feeding on these mixtures. 4. A study measuring zooplankton biomass accrual when feeding on natural phytoplankton found a strong correlation between phytoplankton HUFA (specifically eicosapentaenoic acid) content and herbivorous zooplankton production. 5. The aquatic ecology literature suggests that planktonic foodwebs with high HUFA content phytoplankton have high zooplankton to phytoplankton biomass ratios, while systems with low HUFA phytoplankton have low zooplankton biomass. Also, the seasonal succession of plankton in many temperate lakes follows patterns tied to phytoplankton HUFA content, with intense zooplankton grazing and ‘clear‐water‐phases’ characteristic of periods when the phytoplankton is dominated by HUFA‐rich species. 6. Herbivorous zooplankton production is constrained by the zooplankton’s ability to ingest and digest phytoplankton. It is becoming increasingly clear, however, that much of the phytoplankton which is assimilated may be nutritionally inadequate. HUFA may be key nutritional constituents of zooplankton diets, and may determine energetic efficiency across the plant–animal interface, secondary production and the strength of trophic coupling in aquatic pelagic foodwebs.

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Section: Hufa Biochemistry Synthesis and Metabolismsupporting

confidence: 53%

The role of highly unsaturated fatty acids in aquatic foodweb processes

1997

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“…A similar observation was made for J. edwardsii phyllosoma (Smith et al 2003). The abundance of LOA and LNA was far higher in the rotifers than the amounts recorded in the fed larvae; it is likely that when these FAs are available, they are continuously catabolized to be incorporated into lipid classes (Shenker, Tietz, Ovadia & Tom 1993; Mourente 1996). A greater contribution of PUFA to the overall lipid catabolism has been reported previously for embryos of Palaemon spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A comparison of the fatty acid profiles of adult tissues, and newly hatched, fed and starved Lysmata amboinensis larvae

Tziouveli

Smith

2011

Aquaculture Research

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This study evaluated the lipid content and fatty acid (FA) pro¢le of the hepatopancreas, ovaries and tail muscle of Lysmata amboinensis broodstock, as well as newly hatched larvae subjected to a period of starvation or feed from hatch to Zoea 2. The hepatopancreas had a high lipid content, con¢rming its role as a process and storage organ in L. amboinensis. Lipids were also a major component of ovarian dry weight, in agreement with reports on other crustaceans during maturation. The tail muscle, being a functional rather than a storage organ, contained low total lipids and was the tissue that closely resembled the FA pro¢le of the newly hatched larvae. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) were the most abundant components of the lipid pro¢les in broodstock and larvae. The HUFAs docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic were preferentially retained during nutritional stress, con¢rming their importance for marine cleaner shrimp during early larval development. It appeared polyunsaturated fatty acid and HUFA requirements were met through the larval diet. The SFAs stearic and palmitic were abundant in adult tissues and larvae, whereas monounsaturated fatty acids may have been preferentially catabolized to meet energetic and metabolic larval requirements.

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“…It has been postulated that certain groups of decapod crustaceans have a capacity of bioconversion of 18 carbon fatty acids to long chains of 20 or 22 (Teshima et al, 1992). However, it also seems that this biosynthetic capacity is not sufficient to provide adequate levels of 20:5a3 and 22:603 (Kanazawa et al, 1979;Shenker et al, 1993;GonAlez-Bar6 and Pollero, 1998). Variations in fatty acid composition of cultured P. kerathurus larvae (Mourente et al, 1995) suggested lower levels of 22:603 to be indicative of the inefficiency of the biochemical pathway in the formation of C22 PUFAs from C 18 PUFAs (Teshima et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In addition, the fatty acid patterns change with season, diet, salinity, temperature, reproduction, molt cycle and life history (Castell, 1981). Although crustaceans can synthesize certain fatty acids, including the longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (Shenker et al, 1993), the larger part of the basic fats is obtained from dietary sources (Ackman et al, 1964;Lawrence, 1976;LCger et al, 1985;Sasaki et al, 1986;Hirche and Kattner, 1993;Mourente et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Growth and variations in lipid class and fatty acid composition during larval development of the stone crab,Menippe adinaWilliams and Felder, 1986

Nates¹,

McKenney²

2000

Invertebrate Reproduction & Development

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Larval development in decapod crustaceans is marked by variable growth patterns and changes in weight and biochemical composition. Larvae of the stone crab, Menippe adina, were massreared under laboratory conditions (28 "C; 20%0 S) from hatching to the megalopa stage. Growth in M adina is exponential throughout the larval stages @= 10.395e~''~~, R2=0.98). Dry weight increased by 16-fold from the first to fifth zoeal stage (ZI-ZV), and by day 22 the average weight for megalopae was 272.5448.6pg. Iatroscan lipid class analysis revealed that polar lipids (>64%) and neutral lipids, of which steryl esters (>20%) were dominant, represent the major lipid classes in larvae at every stage. Free fatty acids and free sterols were present in small amounts, but there was no trace of diacylglycerols. Triacylglycerols represented on average 3% of total lipids. Total lipids of zoeae and megalopae contained substantial concentrations of palmitic (1 6:0), stearic (1 8:0), eicosapentaenoic (20:5w3), oleic (1 8: 1 w9) and arachidonic (20:4w6). Proximate biochemical composition revealed conspicuous variations during metamorphosis that appear cyclic in nature.

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Lipid synthesis from acetate by the in vitro incubated ovaries of the penaeid shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus

Cited by 21 publications

References 53 publications

The role of highly unsaturated fatty acids in aquatic foodweb processes

The role of highly unsaturated fatty acids in aquatic foodweb processes

A comparison of the fatty acid profiles of adult tissues, and newly hatched, fed and starved Lysmata amboinensis larvae

Growth and variations in lipid class and fatty acid composition during larval development of the stone crab,Menippe adinaWilliams and Felder, 1986

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