Lipid utilization and carbohydrate partitioning during germination of English walnut (Juglans regia)

Chenevard, D.; Frossard, J.S.; Lacointe, André

doi:10.1051/forest:19940403

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Given that acorns are composed of 10% protein, 57% carbohydrates, and 33% lipids (USDA 2003), our data suggest that the resources being moved from the seed are mostly carbohydrates and proteins. Higher carbohydrate than lipid movement from seeds to seedlings has also been observed in Juglans regia (Chenevard et al 1994). Additionally, we observed that δ 13 C values of both leaves and roots were 2‰ less enriched than that of the seed regardless whether the seed was attached or removed at day 2, indicating that initial leaf and root production comes from stored carbohydrates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

The importance of seed reserves for seedling performance: an integrated approach using morphological, physiological, and stable isotope techniques

et al. 2004

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To investigate how seed reserves affect early seedling performance, we conducted a factorial greenhouse experiment using Lithocarpus densiflora (Tanoak). Seedlings were grown from large (5.8+/-0.7 g) and small (3.2+/-0.4 g) seeds and, following shoot emergence, seeds were either removed or left attached. Seedlings were harvested for quantification of biomass and delta13C at seven time periods following seed removal (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 days) and seedling photosynthesis was measured three separate time periods (2-4, 49-82, 95-128 days after seed removal). Biomass increased for all seedlings, but the increase was significantly larger for seedlings with attached seeds than with removed seeds. Seed removal just after shoot emergence significantly decreased seedling biomass, but seed removal 64 days after shoot emergence had no effect on seedling biomass. Seedling photosynthesis per unit leaf area varied by time and seed presence, but not by seed size. At the first period, seedlings with attached seeds had significantly higher photosynthetic rates than seedlings with removed seeds, at the second period there was no effect of seed removal, and at the third time period seedlings with attached seeds had significantly lower photosynthetic rates than seedlings with removed seeds. Despite temporal variation in photosynthesis per unit leaf area, seedlings with attached seeds always had significantly greater leaf area than seedlings with removed seeds, resulting in significantly higher total plant photosynthesis at all three time periods. The delta13C values of both the leaves and roots were more similar to that of the seed for seedlings with attached seeds than for seedlings with removed seeds, however, seed removal and seed size strongly affected root delta13C. This study demonstrates that seed reserves have important effects on the early growth, physiology, and delta13C of L. densiflora seedlings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

The importance of seed reserves for seedling performance: an integrated approach using morphological, physiological, and stable isotope techniques

et al. 2004

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“…If this is true, our seedlings from large seeds could accumulate more carbohydrate reserves because of their rapid growth. It has been showed [1,19,24,27] that the carbohydrate reserves play an important role in lateral root emergence, and that seedling performance depends on the rapidity of emergence of lateral roots [6,16,37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acorn storage duration and parental tree on emergence and physiological status of Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) seedlings

Merouani¹,

Branco²,

Almeida³

et al. 2001

Ann. For. Sci.

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-This study was conducted to evaluate how parental trees and seed storage duration influenced subsequent seedling physiological status and growth. Seedling emergence rate was higher than 90% independently of the duration of seed storage or parental trees. Seed storage shortened significantly the time and increased the uniformity of seedling emergence. Consequently, the delayed seedling emergence from fresh seeds could be explained by epicotyl dormancy. Seed size varied with parental tree. Seedling growth rate was greatly affected by seed size, independently of storage treatment. Seedlings originating from large seeds (>5 g) had the fastest growth rates and seedlings from the smallest seeds (<4 g) had the slowest. Final shoot height, however, depended on the duration of seed storage. The seed size and the duration of storage had a great effect on the initial rate of leaf production, but did not affect the final number of leaves. Leaf chlorophyll concentration was reduced as the duration of seed storage increased but was independent of parental tree (i.e., seed size). Seedling biomass was positively related to seed size. The duration of seed storage reduced the shoot/root ratio, but no significant effect was observed among parental trees. The shoot/root value of seedlings from stored seed was about 1.5 and the one of seedlings from fresh seed was about 2. seed storage / seed size / seedling growth / shoot / root ratio / Quercus suber Résumé -Effet de l'arbre producteur et de la durée de conservation des glands sur l'état physiologique des plants de chêne liège (Quercus suber L.). Quel que soit l'âge des glands ou l'arbre producteur, l'émergence des plants est supérieure à 90 %. La durée et l'uniformité de l'émergence des plants sont significativement affectées par la conservation des glands ; par conséquent le retard dans l'émer-gence des plants issus des glands frais peut être expliqué par l'existence d'une dormance épicotylaire. La croissance des plants est rythmique : elle est caractérisée par une alternance de périodes d'allongement et de périodes de repos. Le rythme de croissance est fortement affecté par la taille des glands quel que soit leur âge. En effet, la croissance des plants issus des gros glands (>5 g) est plus rapide que celles des plants issus des petits glands (<4 g), mais la hauteur finale dépend de l'âge des glands. La taille des glands et leur conservation affectent fortement le rythme d'apparition des feuilles mais pas le nombre final. La concentration en chlorophylle des feuilles diminue chez les plants issus des glands conservés quel que soit l'arbre producteur. La biomasse des différentes parties du plant est réduite pour les petits glands conservés. La conservation des glands influe sur le rapport système aérien/système souterrain, mais aucun effet de l'arbre producteur n'est observé. Sa valeur est de 1,5 pour les plants issus des glands conservés et de 2 pour ceux issus des glands frais.conservation des glands / taille des glands / croissance des plants / rapport système aérien/...

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“…1 Variation of carbon in an English walnut seedling (J. regia L.) and its maternal seed (a) and relative distribution of carbon in various organs of an English walnut seedling (b) under controlled conditions (22°C, 12 h) during the first 2 months of development. Each value is the mean obtained from the combustion of dry matter of a set of five plant samples (Maillard et al 1994b, by permission of Oxford University Press) source of carbohydrates for subsequent development (Lacointe 1989;Lacointe et al 1993;Chenevard et al 1994;Maillard et al 1994a, b).…”

Section: Carbon Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walnut (Juglans spp.) ecophysiology in response to environmental stresses and potential acclimation to climate change

Gauthier

Jacobs

2011

Annals of Forest Science

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Context Walnuts (Juglans spp.) are ecologically and commercially important trees, yet synthesis of past and current research findings on walnut ecophysiology is lacking, especially in terms of potential acclimation to climate change.• Aims This study aims to (1) investigate walnut ecophysiology by comparing its attributes to associated deciduous angiosperms, (2) address potential acclimation of walnut to climate change, and (3) identify areas for prioritization in future research.• Results There is considerable uncertainty regarding the magnitude of potential effects of climate change on walnut. Some studies tend to indicate walnut could be negatively impacted by climate change, while others do not. Walnut may be at a disadvantage due to its susceptibility to drought and frost injury in current growing regions given the projected increases in temperature and extreme climatic events. Other regions that are currently considered cold for walnut growth may see increased establishment and growth depending upon the rate of temperature increase and the frequency and severity of extreme climatic events.• Conclusion Research investigating a combination of environmental factors, such as temperature, carbon dioxide, ozone, water, and nitrogen is needed to (1) better project climate change effects on walnut and (2) develop management strategies for walnut acclimation and adaptation to climate change.

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Lipid utilization and carbohydrate partitioning during germination of English walnut (Juglans regia)

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

The importance of seed reserves for seedling performance: an integrated approach using morphological, physiological, and stable isotope techniques

The importance of seed reserves for seedling performance: an integrated approach using morphological, physiological, and stable isotope techniques

Effects of acorn storage duration and parental tree on emergence and physiological status of Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) seedlings

Walnut (Juglans spp.) ecophysiology in response to environmental stresses and potential acclimation to climate change

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