Lipidomic analysis of immune activation in equine leptospirosis and Leptospira-vaccinated horses

Wood, Paul L.; Steinman, M.; Erol, Erdal; Carter, Craig; Christmann, Undine; Verma, Ashutosh

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193424

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Several key sphingomyelins also were increased in the tear film of infected cows (Figure 4), similar to increases in serum sphingomyelins we have reported for the immune response to leptospira vaccination in horses [17].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Therefore, standardization of the data based on tear volume was not possible. However, there were no significant differences in the ion intensities of internal standards between samples, and the RSDs for raw peak areas were less than 50%, comparable to previous infection studies where lipid metabolites were normalized to the volume of the analyte [17]. Therefore, semi-quantitative data are presented as the raw peak areas for each of the high-resolution masses.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…In addition, hydroperoxy derivatives of ethanolamine plasmalogens were detected (Figure 3), supporting ongoing lipid peroxidation in this ocular infection. The hydroperoxy lipids were characterized by the loss of H 2 O and H 2 O 2 as previously reported for lipid peroxidation products in the serum of equine leptospirosis and leptospira-vaccinated horses [17].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tear Film Amphiphilic and Anti-Inflammatory Lipids in Bovine Pink Eye

et al. 2018

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Background: Tear film fluid serves as a dynamic barrier that both lubricates the eye and protects against allergens and infectious agents. However, a detailed analysis of a bacteria-induced immune response on the tear film lipidome has not been undertaken. Methods: We undertook a high-resolution mass spectrometry lipidomics analysis of endogenous anti-inflammatory and structural tear film lipids in bovine pink eye. Results: Bovine pink eye resulted in dramatic elevations in tear fluid levels of the anti-inflammatory lipids resolvin E2, cyclic phosphatidic acid 16:0, and cyclic phosphatidic acid 18:0. In addition, there were elevated levels of the structural lipids (O-acyl)-ω-hydroxy-fatty acids, cholesterol sulfate, ethanolamine plasmalogens, and sphingomyelins. Lipid peroxidation also was augmented in pink eye as evidenced by the hydroperoxy derivatives of ethanolamine plasmalogens. Conclusions: Ocular infections with Moraxella bovis result in the induction of a number of endogenous anti-inflammatory lipids and augmentation of the levels of structural glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. Increased levels of hydroperoxy glycerophospholipids also indicate that this bacterial infection results in lipid peroxidation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tear Film Amphiphilic and Anti-Inflammatory Lipids in Bovine Pink Eye

et al. 2018

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“…Although Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona type kennewicki is undoubtedly the predominant Leptospira equine pathogen in North America, L. Grippotyphosa also causes disease in North American horses. Vaccination generally causes low MAT values but some vaccinated horses my have titers as high as those seen with acute infections [71]. There has been concern that vaccination of infected horses with a whole-cell vaccine could theoretically cause ERU or recurrence of signs but this has only rarely been observed and could not be demonstrated in one study [72].…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Leptospirosis: An important infectious disease in North American horses

Divers

Chang

Irby

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary North American horses are commonly exposed to Leptospira organisms. Leptospira Bratislava is the most common infecting serovar but this serovar has not been confirmed to cause clinical disease in North American horses. Leptospira Pomona type kennewicki is responsible for most of the clinical diseases (leptospirosis) in North American horses. Leptospirosis is most commonly associated with diseases of the placenta and fetus, the kidneys and the eyes in horses. In‐utero infections in pregnant mares may result in abortion, neonatal illness or birth of an antibody positive healthy foal. Acute renal failure in younger horses and recurrent uveitis in adult horses are other well documented clinical syndromes of leptospirosis. Abortions, neonatal disease and acute renal failure are caused by a subacute infection, while horses with Leptospira associated recurrent uveitis develop ocular disease months or years after the initial Leptospira infection. Diagnosis of Leptospirosis is made by a combination of antigen or antibody testing methods. Mares that abort following Leptospira infection have no additional clinical signs at the time of abortion but may shed the offending Leptospira spp. in the urine for several weeks. Antibiotic treatments are sometimes used in hopes of decreasing Leptospira shedding in infected horses or prophylactically in exposed pregnant mares but documentation of efficacy is lacking. Horses with Leptospira ‐ associated acute renal failure can be successfully treated with antibiotics and supportive care. Recurrent uveitis is commonly associated with leptospirosis in North American horses and although horses may have chronic intraocular infection triggering an immune disease, systemic antimicrobial therapy has not been effective in eliminating the organism from the eye. An equine approved Leptospira Pomona type kennewicki vaccine is now available in North America.

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“…Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) is a lysophospholipid structurally similar to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), first isolated from the myxamoebae of a true slime mold, Physarum polycephalum , in 1992 [4]. cPA was later found in mammalian tissues and normal and diseased serum [[5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]]. We previously reported that cPA attenuates neuropathic pain and neuroinflammation [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2-Carba cyclic phosphatidic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 production in a human macrophage cell line

Shibaike

Gotoh

Ogawa

et al. 2019

Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports

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Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) is a naturally occurring phospholipid mediator that contains a unique cyclic phosphate ring at the sn -2 and sn -3 positions of its glycerol backbone. Using mouse models for multiple sclerosis (cuprizone-induced demyelination and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis) and traumatic brain injury, we revealed that cPA and its metabolically stabilized cPA derivative, 2-carba-cPA (2ccPA), have potential to protect against neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated whether 2ccPA has anti-inflammatory effect on peripheral immune function or not using inflammation-induced macrophages-like cell line, THP-1 monocytes differentiated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cells were found to have higher expression of the mRNAs of several inflammation-related cytokines and of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2); however, when THP-1 cells were stimulated by LPS in the presence of 2ccPA, the increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine and Cox-2 mRNA was attenuated. 2ccPA treatment also decreased the amount of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) produced by LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells and decreased expression of the mRNA of prostaglandin E receptor 2 (EP2, PTGER2 ), a PGE2 receptor that mediates inflammation. These results indicate that 2ccPA has anti-inflammatory properties.

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Lipidomic analysis of immune activation in equine leptospirosis and Leptospira-vaccinated horses

Cited by 13 publications

References 52 publications

Tear Film Amphiphilic and Anti-Inflammatory Lipids in Bovine Pink Eye

Tear Film Amphiphilic and Anti-Inflammatory Lipids in Bovine Pink Eye

Leptospirosis: An important infectious disease in North American horses

2-Carba cyclic phosphatidic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 production in a human macrophage cell line

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