Lipidomic Approaches towards Deciphering Glycolipids from Microalgae as a Reservoir of Bioactive Lipids

Abstract

In recent years, noteworthy research has been performed around lipids from microalgae. Among lipids, glycolipids (GLs) are quite abundant in microalgae and are considered an important source of fatty acids (FAs). GLs are rich in 16- and 18-carbon saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and often contain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) like n-3 α-linolenic (ALA 18:3), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6). GLs comprise three major classes: monogalactosyldiacyl glycerolipids (MGDGs), digalactosyl diacylglycerolipids (DGDGs) and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerolipids (SQDGs), whose composition in FA directly depends on the growth conditions. Some of these lipids are high value-added compounds with antitumoral, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities and also with important nutritional significance. To fully explore GLs’ bioactive properties it is necessary to fully characterize their structure and to understand the relation between the structure and their biological properties, which can be addressed using modern mass spectrometry (MS)-based lipidomic approaches. This review will focus on the up-to-date FA composition of GLs identified by MS-based lipidomics and their potential as phytochemicals.

Exploring Valuable Lipids in Diatoms

“…b (d'ippolito et al, 2015). c (Yongmanitchai and Ward, 1992;Plouguerné et al, 2014;d'ippolito et al, 2015;da Costa et al, 2016). d (Volkman et al, 1998;Viegelmann et al, 2014).…”

Valorization of Lipids from Gracilaria sp. through Lipidomics and Decoding of Antiproliferative and Anti-Inflammatory Activity

“…Polar lipids are nowadays recognized as an important reservoir of fatty acids with nutritional value, e.g., n -3 FAs [5,6], and they are also considered high-value novel lipids with beneficial health effects such as antitumoral [7,8], antiviral [8,9], antifungal [10], antibacterial [11], and anti-inflammatory [11,12], with potential applications in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries [7,8,11]. However, in spite of their recognized potential, they are still scarcely studied [12,13,14,15]. Some studies reported that polar lipids isolated from seaweeds can promote growth-inhibiting effects on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2) [16] and thus can act as inhibitors of DNA polymerases with capability to inhibit tumor cell proliferation [17].…”

“…To fully explore the bioactive properties of seaweed lipids and thus contribute to seaweed valorization, it is fundamental to characterize their structure and understand how it modulates bioactivity [13,14]. Nowadays, the detailed structural characterization of lipids can be accomplished by using mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with liquid chromatography (LC).…”

Screening of Bioactive Compounds Synthesized by Microalgae: a Progress Overview on Extraction and Chemical Analysis

“…Such pigments exhibit colours from green, yellow, brown or red. Production of microalgal pigments may significantly vary dependent on many factors such as temperature, irradiation intensity, photoperiods, colour absorption wavelength, pH, nutrient limitation, nitrogen supplements, salinity, presence of pesticides or heavy metals [30]. Table 4 presents the reference data related to the extraction, isolation and characterization of some isoprenoids, especially pigments Table 4.…”

“…technique ro screen the protein fingerprint and characterize the phenotype (genus, species), and in some cases, the strains also of microalgae, comparing the spectra of unknown microorganisms to reference spectra found in international databases [55].The possibility of using MALDI-TOF-MS for the rapid identification of pathogenic and non-pathogenic species of the genus Prototheca has been recently demonstrated [30]. This provides reproductible and unique spectra covering a wide m/z range (2000-20 000 Da) for each of the strains used in the present study.…”