“…In general, the prevalence of AAAs 2.9 It is widely recognized that patients with AAAs have a significantly higher prevalence of smoking, hypertension, MI, heart failure, and carotid artery and/or lower extremity PAD than do age-and gender-matched controls. The lipoprotein(a) serum level, an indicator of atherosclerosis, is elevated in patients with AAA independent of cardiovascular risk factors and the extent of atherosclerosis, whereas patients with dissecting thoracic aortic aneurysms have levels comparable to those of healthy individuals (893).…”