Lipids and carbohydrates from Capparis spinosa roots

Abstract

Capparis spinosa is a member of the Capparaceae family. Lipids and carbohydrates from this plant have not previously been studied. Only data from a study of the alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides have been published [1][2][3][4][5].Herein we report results from an investigation of lipids and carbohydrates from roots of C. spinosa growing in Xinjiang Autonomy Region of China. Lipids and carbohydrates were isolated successively from a single portion of raw material. Lipids were extracted from air-dried ground raw material by CHCl 3 :CH 3 OH (1:1, v/v). The extract was purified of nonlipid components by washing with aqueous CaCl 2 solution (0.05%). The yield of lipids was 0.54% of the raw material mass. Lipids were separated into neutral lipids (NL), glycolipids (GL), and phospholipids (PL) by CC over silica gel. NL were eluted by CHCl 3 ; GL, by acetone; PL, by CH 3 OH. The NL content was 53.0%; GL, 37.2; PL with pigments, 9.8% of the total mass.The qualitative compositions of the individual lipid groups were established by analytical TLC over silica gel using the solvent systems hexane:diethylether (4:1) for NL; CHCl 3 :(CH 3 ) 2 CO:CH 3 OH:CH 3 CO 2 H:H 2 O (65:20:10:10:3) for GL, and CHCl 3 :CH 3 OH:NH 4 OH (13:7:1) for PL.Lipid classes were identified by their chromatographic mobility compared with authentic compounds and qualitative reactions. Specific reagents for NL, GL, and PL classes were prepared as before [6].Hydrocarbons, esters of sterols and high-molecular-weight fatty acids, triacylglycerides, free fatty acids, free sterols, and aliphatic alcohols were identified in the NL.The principal classes of GL were monogalactosyldiglycerides, sterolglycosides, and cerebrosides. Esters of sterolglycosides and digalactosylglycerides were also present.The main PL were phosphatidylinosites, phosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylethanolamines. Phosphatidic acid and N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines were observed in trace quantities.The total lipids were hydrolyzed by KOH in CH 3 OH (20%) with boiling on a water bath for 1 h in order to determine the fatty-acid composition. Fatty acids were converted to the methyl esters by freshly prepared diazomethane [6].The fatty-acid composition of the total lipids was established using the methyl esters and GC (15% Reoplex-400 on Chromaton N-AW). The results were as follows (mass %): 10:0, 0.

Effects of soaking period and gibberellic acid addition on caper seed germination

“…The flower buds of this shrub have been used for distinct purposes since ancient times (Rodrigo et al, 1992;Matthäus and Özcan, 2002). Recently studies have reported on the properties and potential uses of its flower buds (capers), fruits (caperberries), seeds, young shoots and roots as food and medicine (Akgül and Özcan, 1999;Inocencio et al, 2000;Giuffrida et al, 2002;Rivera et al, 2003;Özcan and Aydin, 2004;Yili et al, 2006). Other studies have focused on the phytopathological use of the plant extracts (Al-Banna et al, 2003;Mansour et al, 2004).…”

Μελέτη Παραγόντων Που Επιδρούν Στην Ανάπτυξη Μυκήτων Και Στη Βιοσύνθεση Των Καρκινογόνων Μεταβολιτών Τους

“…Πολυσακχαρίτες: ημικυτταρίνες (2,7%), πηκτίνες (3,5%) αποτελούμενες ως επί το πλείστον από αραβινόζη, γλυκόζη και γαλακτόζη, καθώς και υδατοδιαλυτοί πολυσακχαρίτες (3%) που αποτελούνται κυρίως από αραβινόζη, ξυλόζη και γαλακτόζη. [199] Το μέγεθος των μπουμπουκιών της κάππαρης επηρεάζει, σύμφωνα με σχετικές έρευνες που έγιναν, τη χημική σύσταση του φυτού. Έτσι λοιπόν φαίνεται πως η περιεκτικότητα σε νερό και υδατάνθρακες αυξάνει με την αύξηση του μεγέθους, ενώ αντίθετα η ποσότητα φλαβονοειδών, τέφρας, μετάλλων, λιπιδίων και πρωτεϊνών μειώνεται.…”