Lipids and trophodynamics of Antarctic zooplankton

Phleger, Charles F.; Nichols, Peter D.; Virtue, Patti

doi:10.1016/s0305-0491(98)10020-2

Cited by 105 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Samples were injected using a Hewlett-Packard 7673A autosampler, and the oven temperature was programmed according to the method of Skerratt et al (1995). Identification of compounds was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, with conditions as described by Phleger et al (1998), and by comparison of retention time and mass spectral data with data obtained from standards. The fatty acid nomenclature used in this paper designates the total number of carbon atoms: number of double bonds followed by the position of the double bond from the aliphatic end, e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of lipid in the life cycles of ice-dependent and ice-independent populations of the copepod Paralabidocera antarctica

Swadling¹,

Nichols²,

Gibson³

et al. 2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We compared the lipid stores of coastal and lacustrine populations of the copepod Paralabidocera antarctica over a complete developmental cycle. The life cycle of the coastal population, which was reflected in their pattern of lipid storage, was coupled closely to the growth of sea ice. Nauplii entered the sea ice in early autumn and overwintered predominantly as the NIV stage, with triacylglycerol comprising up to 26% of their dry weight (DW). During their rapid development from stages CI to CIV, much smaller quantities (< 2% DW) of triacylglycerol were present. The population underwent a habitat shift from the ice to the water column at the CIV stage, although adults remained close to the ice-water interface. Adults of both sexes initially contained high amounts of triacylglycerol as a proportion of their total lipid (50% in males, 65% in females), but these stores were depleted over the 3 wk-long period of mating and spawning. The lacustrine population of P. antarctica also accumulated triacylglycerol; however, their life cycle was largely independent of the ice cover on the lake. The CI to CIV stages of the lacustrine population contained more triacylglycerol than the same stages at the coastal site, suggesting that either they experienced short-term periods of starvation due to patchiness in the food supply or that their dietary intake was lipid-rich. Reproduction began 1 mo earlier in the lake population, and the lipid storage patterns of adults indicated a longer reproductive duration. The fatty acid composition of P. antarctica reflected that of particulate matter in the 2 environments, arguing for a relatively simple biochemical pathway in comparison to some of the larger pelagic copepods.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of lipid in the life cycles of ice-dependent and ice-independent populations of the copepod Paralabidocera antarctica

Swadling¹,

Nichols²,

Gibson³

et al. 2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The second important neutral lipids were free fatty alcohols exhibiting a maximum value of 17%. The occurrence of free fatty alcohols is very unusual in marine organisms and has only been reported for the Antarctic ctenophores Beröe cucumis and Callinara antarctica (Phleger et al 1998;Ju et al 2004). This class of lipids may also be important in other marine zooplankton and animals, but may have been overlooked in other studies.…”

Section: Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of free alcohols, which we detected in M. ovum and which has been recently reported for the Antarctic ctenophores Callinaria antarctica and B. cucumis (Phleger et al 1998;Ju et al 2004), is still unknown and will be discussed. We also aim to understand the utilisation of speciWc lipids within diVerent developmental phases and seasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fate of dietary lipids in the Arctic ctenophore Mertensia ovum (Fabricius 1780)

et al. 2007

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Lipids of the Arctic ctenophore Mertensia ovum, collected from Kongsfjorden (Svalbard) in 2001, were analysed to investigate seasonal variability and fate of dietary lipids. Total lipids, lipid classes and fatty acid and alcohol compositions were determined in animals, which were selected according to age-group and season. Changes in lipids of age-group 0 animals were followed during growth from spring to autumn. Total lipids increased from May to September. Lipids as percentage of dry mass were lowest in August indicating their use for reproduction. Higher values occurred in September, which may be due to lipid storage for overwintering. Wax esters were the major lipid class accounting for about 50% of total lipids in agegroup 0 animals from July and August. Phospholipids were the second largest lipid fraction with up to 46% in this agegroup. The principal fatty acids of M. ovum from all agegroups were 22:6(n-3), 20:5(n-3) and 16:0. Wax ester fatty alcohols were dominated by 22:1(n-11) and 20:1(n-9) followed by moderate proportions of 16:0. The unique feature of M. ovum lipids was the high amount of free fatty alcohols originating probably from the dietary wax esters. In May, free alcohols exhibited the highest mean proportion with 14.6% in age-group 0 animals. We present the Wrst data describing a detailed free fatty alcohol composition in zooplankton. This composition was very diVerent from the alcohol composition of M. ovum wax esters because of the predominance of the long-chain monounsaturated 22:1 (n-11) alcohol accounting for almost 100% of total free alcohols in some samples. The detailed lipid composition clearly reXected feeding of M. ovum on the herbivorous calanoid species, Calanus glacialis and C. Wnmarchicus, the abundant members of the zooplankton community in Kongsfjorden. Other copepod species or prey items seem to be less important for M. ovum.

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“…The importance of lipid and fatty acid compositions as trophic markers has been demonstrated in various studies (Sargent and Whittle 1981;Graeve 1993;Graeve et al 1994Graeve et al , 1997Phleger et al 1998). The advantage of applying lipid compositions to feeding studies is that trophic lipid markers integrate longer time periods than conventional methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the available literature covers lipid data of pelagic amphipods (e.g. Reinhardt and Van Vleet 1986;Hagen 1988;Phleger et al 1998Phleger et al , 1999Phleger et al , 2000Nelson et al 2001). In our study, lipid and fatty acid compositions of various benthic amphipod species were analysed and compared with food preferences determined by digestive tract content analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined lipid, fatty acid and digestive tract content analyses: a penetrating approach to estimate feeding modes of Antarctic amphipods

2001

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Antarctic amphipods from the Weddell Sea and Brans®eld Strait were collected to investigate the impact of various species and feeding types on lipid and fatty acid compositions. In combination with digestive tract content analyses, such information can help clarify the type of feeding mode of the various amphipod species. Micro-and macropredatory amphipod species had only small amounts of triacylglycerols as storage lipids, whereas the deposit-feeder

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Lipids and trophodynamics of Antarctic zooplankton

Cited by 105 publications

References 22 publications

Role of lipid in the life cycles of ice-dependent and ice-independent populations of the copepod Paralabidocera antarctica

Role of lipid in the life cycles of ice-dependent and ice-independent populations of the copepod Paralabidocera antarctica

The fate of dietary lipids in the Arctic ctenophore Mertensia ovum (Fabricius 1780)

Combined lipid, fatty acid and digestive tract content analyses: a penetrating approach to estimate feeding modes of Antarctic amphipods

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