Lipids in critical care medicine

Ott, Juliane; Hiesgen, Christopher; Mayer, Konstantin

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2011.04.011

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…4F, Online Supplementary 5SA), suggesting that the beneficial effects of FD treatment on H/Rinduced pulmonary vascular permeability might be related to the combination of both ligand and target reduction in the ET-1 system. 33,51 No significant changes in ET-1 expression were observed between livers from H/R-exposed SS-FD and SS-SD mice ( Figure 5), most likely because of the peculiar organization of liver vasculature or because of the organ's sensitivity in the context of H/R stress used in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Dietary -3 fatty acids protect against vasculopathy in a transgenic mouse model of sickle cell disease

et al. 2015

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The anemia of sickle cell disease is associated with a severe inflammatory vasculopathy and endothelial dysfunction, which leads to painful and life-threatening clinical complications. Growing evidence supports the anti-inflammatory properties of ω-3 fatty acids in clinical models of endothelial dysfunction. Promising but limited studies show potential therapeutic effects of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation in sickle cell disease. Here, we treated humanized healthy and sickle cell mice for 6 weeks with ω-3 fatty acid diet (fish-oil diet). We found that a ω-3 fatty acid diet: (i) normalizes red cell membrane ω-6/ ω-3 ratio; (ii) reduces neutrophil count; (iii) decreases endothelial activation by targeting endothelin-1 and (iv) improves left ventricular outflow tract dimensions. In a hypoxia-reoxygenation model of acute vaso-occlusive crisis, a ω-3 fatty acid diet reduced systemic and local inflammation and protected against sickle cell-related end-organ injury. Using isolated aortas from sickle cell mice exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation, we demonstrated a direct impact of a ω-3 fatty acid diet on vascular activation, inflammation, and anti-oxidant systems. Our data provide the rationale for ω-3 dietary supplementation as a therapeutic intervention to reduce vascular dysfunction in sickle cell disease. ABSTRACTmice. 16,17 The animal protocol was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Verona (CIRSAL). Twomonth old animals were fed for 6 weeks with either the standard AIN-93M purified rodent diet (soy-diet with n6/n3 ratio of 8:1 -Dyets Inc., Bethlehem, PA, USA), containing 140 g/kg casein, 1.8 g/kg L-cystine, 100 g/kg sucrose, 465.9 g/kg cornstarch, 155 g/kg dextrose, 40 g/kg soybean oil, 0.8 mg/kg t-butylhydroquinone, 50 g/kg cellulose, 35 g/kg mineral mix, 10 g/kg vitamin mix, and 2.5 g/kg choline bitartrate 18 or the ω-3 FD, an AIN-93M-based purified rodent diet in which all of the calories provided by fat (10%) are replaced by 7.9% from HCO and 2.1% from ω-3 oil (Dyets Inc., Bethlehem, PA, USA). At the end of the 6 weeks of FD supplementation, animals were anesthetized with isofluorane, and whole blood was collected from each mouse via retro-orbital venipuncture by heparinized microcapillaries. Mice were euthanized and organs removed immediately. The organs were divided into two and either frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen or fixed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin for histology. Whenever indicated, 6-week old mice were exposed to hypoxia (8% oxygen for 10 h) followed by 3 h of reoxygenation (21% oxygen) (H/R stress) to mimic an acute VOC, as previously described.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Dietary -3 fatty acids protect against vasculopathy in a transgenic mouse model of sickle cell disease

et al. 2015

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“…Patients in the ICU frequently have decreased serum lipids [73]. The functional significance of this observation is not clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Intestine-Specific Deletion of Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein Increases Mortality in Aged Mice

et al. 2014

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BackgroundMice with conditional, intestine-specific deletion of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp-IKO) exhibit a complete block in chylomicron assembly together with lipid malabsorption. Young (8–10 week) Mttp-IKO mice have improved survival when subjected to a murine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced sepsis. However, 80% of deaths in sepsis occur in patients over age 65. The purpose of this study was to determine whether age impacts outcome in Mttp-IKO mice subjected to sepsis.MethodsAged (20–24 months) Mttp-IKO mice and WT mice underwent intratracheal injection with P. aeruginosa. Mice were either sacrificed 24 hours post-operatively for mechanistic studies or followed seven days for survival.ResultsIn contrast to young septic Mttp-IKO mice, aged septic Mttp-IKO mice had a significantly higher mortality than aged septic WT mice (80% vs. 39%, p = 0.005). Aged septic Mttp-IKO mice exhibited increased gut epithelial apoptosis, increased jejunal Bax/Bcl-2 and Bax/Bcl-XL ratios yet simultaneously demonstrated increased crypt proliferation and villus length. Aged septic Mttp-IKO mice also manifested increased pulmonary myeloperoxidase levels, suggesting increased neutrophil infiltration, as well as decreased systemic TNFα compared to aged septic WT mice.ConclusionsBlocking intestinal chylomicron secretion alters mortality following sepsis in an age-dependent manner. Increases in gut apoptosis and pulmonary neutrophil infiltration, and decreased systemic TNFα represent potential mechanisms for why intestine-specific Mttp deletion is beneficial in young septic mice but harmful in aged mice as each of these parameters are altered differently in young and aged septic WT and Mttp-IKO mice.

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“…In critically ill patients, such as those with sepsis, elevated circulating PLA2 can predict the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and it has long been recognized that modulation of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) by targeting the lipid continuum could benefit critical care medicine [48,49]. In clinical trials, enteral administration of EPA and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) could prevent progression to sepsis [50].…”

Section: Lipids Used As Therapeutic Pharmacologic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging targets in lipid-based therapy

Tucker

Honn

2013

Biochemical Pharmacology

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The use of prostaglandins and NSAIDS in the clinic has proven that lipid mediators and their associated pathways make attractive therapeutic targets. When contemplating therapies involving lipid pathways, several basic agents come to mind. There are the enzymes and accessory proteins that lead to the metabolism of lipid substrates, provided through diet or through actions of lipases, the subsequent lipid products, and finally the lipid sensors or receptors. There is abundant evidence that molecules along this lipid continuum can serve as prognostic and diagnostic indicators and are in fact viable therapeutic targets. Furthermore, lipids themselves can be used as therapeutics. Despite this, the vernacular dialog pertaining to “biomarkers” does not routinely include mention of lipids, though this is rapidly changing. Collectively these agents are becoming more appreciated for their respective roles in diverse disease processes from cancer to preterm labor and are receiving their due appreciation after decades of ground work in the lipid field. By relating examples of disease processes that result from dysfunction along the lipid continuum, as well as examples of lipid therapies and emerging technologies, this review is meant to inspire further reading and discovery.

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Lipids in critical care medicine

Cited by 45 publications

References 68 publications

Dietary -3 fatty acids protect against vasculopathy in a transgenic mouse model of sickle cell disease

Dietary -3 fatty acids protect against vasculopathy in a transgenic mouse model of sickle cell disease

Intestine-Specific Deletion of Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein Increases Mortality in Aged Mice

Emerging targets in lipid-based therapy

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