Lipids in marine copepods: latitudinal characteristics and perspective to global warming

Kattner, Gerhard; Hagen, Wilhelm

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-89366-2_11

Cited by 102 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…These results support an earlier suggestion that at higher water temperatures assimilated food was turned over rapidly and stored lipids were not important (Kattner & Hagen 2009), so that in the present experiments the responses of the copepods was primarily due to experimental diets.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, copepods are unable or ineffective to synthesize PUFAs de novo so that it is important for copepods to obtain enough PUFAs from their food (Bell et al 2007). As copepods rapidly utilize dietary fatty acids to maintain metabolism and growth, the limitations of essential PUFAs for reproduction are commonly found in marine ecosystems, especially in tropical and subtropical regions where few species develop storage lipids like polar and sub-polar species do (Kattner & Hagen 2009). Similar to freshwater crustacean zooplankton (Brett & Müller-Navarra 1997, Müller-Navarra et al 2000, positive relationships between fecundity and the availability of PUFAs have been shown in various marine copepod species in both field and laboratory investigations (Lacoste et al 2001, Arendt et al 2005, Evjemo et al 2008.…”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of dietary essential fatty acids on reproduction rates of a subtropical calanoid copepod, Acartia erythraea

Chen¹,

Liu²,

Chen³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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To understand the role of food quality in planktonic trophic interactions and marine copepod reproduction, we conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the effect of different prey with specific fatty acid profiles on the reproduction of Acartia erythraea. Copepod egg production rates and hatching success were assessed using a mixed diet combining Dunaliella sp. (containing no long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFAs) with the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii (high eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum dentatum (high docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), the cryptophyte Rhodomonas sp. (moderate EPA and DHA) or the ciliate Strombidium sulcatum (high nitrogen), respectively. Copepods fed a mono-diet of Dunaliella sp. were used as controls. The results showed that a food mixture with dinoflagellates provided the highest egg production rate and hatching success. The bacterivorous ciliate was not a good prey for copepod reproduction because of the deficit in fatty acid composition, despite its low C:N ratio. Generalized additive models indicated that food quality (ingested PUFAs) was important for egg production in addition to food quantity. Among PUFAs, DHA was the most important specific fatty acid based on its high partial correlation coefficient for egg production rate. Egg hatching success was significantly correlated with the percentage of the 3 major ω3 unsaturated fatty acids (alpha-linolenic acid ALA, EPA and DHA) in diets.KEY WORDS: Food quality · Essential fatty acids · DHA · EPA · Copepods · Acartia · Egg production rate · Egg hatching Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 455: [95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110] 2012 gen, indicative of low concentrations of proteins in the food (Checkley 1980). According to the theory of stoichiometry, ciliates should be a good food item for copepods because ciliates generally have a low C:N ratio compared to most phytoplankton. For example, the development of copepods can be enhanced by a diet containing ciliates (Stoecker & Capuzzo 1990). However, stoichiometric ratios are too simple as predictors and sometimes fail to represent the nutritional quality of food in terms of supporting copepod reproduction. It is believed that the reproductive success of copepods also depends on a balance of macronutrients, such as amino acids, sterols and essential fatty acids (Ederington et al. 1995, Kleppel et al. 1998, Guisande et al. 2000, Hassett 2004). The biochemical composition of ciliates can vary significantly depending on their food source, which makes the importance of ciliates for copepod reproduction uncertain (Broglio et al. 2003).Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are indispensable nutrients that are involved in various key processes of marine copepods such as development and reproduction (Sargent & Falk-Petersen 1988), primarily because PUFAs are the major components of phospholipids that play important roles in cell membrane structure a...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary essential fatty acids on reproduction rates of a subtropical calanoid copepod, Acartia erythraea

Chen¹,

Liu²,

Chen³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Changes in sea ice regimes will impact the timing of bloom events, which are tightly linked with the reproductive cycles of Calanus spp. (Kattner & Hagen 2009), including C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus, which are important prey of bowhead whales. Along with another prey, the ice amphipods, calanoid copepods have large amounts of lipids and are known to feed under the sea ice (Runge & Ingram 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prey assemblage isotopic variability as a tool for assessing diet and the spatial distribution of bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus foraging in the Canadian eastern Arctic

Pomerleau¹,

Lesage²,

Ferguson³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Many crustaceans for instance, in particular the polar species, are able to store energy in the form of lipid reserves. Copepods can build up massive amounts of lipids exceeding 50 % of their dry mass, some of the highest lipid levels in organisms on earth (Kattner and Hagen 2009). For Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, lipid production also appears effective enough to accumulate large energy reserves for winter.…”

Section: Sea Ice and Phytoplankton Bloomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic insights into the zooplankton dynamics of the eastern Weddell Sea

Cisewski

Strass

2016

Progress in Oceanography

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The success of any efforts to determine the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems depends on understanding in the first instance the natural variations, which contemporarily occur on the interannual and shorter time scales. Here we present results on the environmental controls of zooplankton distribution patterns and behaviour in the eastern Weddell Sea, Southern Ocean. Zooplankton abundance and vertical migration are derived from the mean volume backscattering strength (MVBS) and the vertical velocity measured by moored acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs), which were deployed simultaneously at 64°S, 66.5°S and 69°S along the Greenwich Meridian from February, 2005, until March, 2008 While these time series span a period of full three years they resolve hourly changes.A highly persistent behavioural pattern found at all three mooring locations is the synchronous diel vertical migration (DVM) of two distinct groups of zooplankton that migrate between a deep residence depth during daytime and a shallow depth during nighttime. The DVM was closely coupled to the astronomical daylight cycles. However, while the DVM was symmetric around local noon, the annual modulation of the DVM was clearly asymmetric around winter solstice or summer solstice, respectively, at all three mooring sites. DVM at our observation sites persisted throughout winter, even at the highest latitude exposed to the polar night. Since the magnitude as well as the relative rate of change of illumination is minimal at this time, we propose that the ultimate causes of DVM separated from the light-mediated proximal cue that coordinates it. In all three years, a marked change in the migration behaviour occurred in late spring (late October/early November), when DVM ceased. The complete suspension of DVM after early November is possibly caused by the combination of two factors: (1) increased availability of food in the surface mixed layer provided by the phytoplankton spring bloom, and (2) vanishing diurnal enhancement of the threat from visually oriented predators when the illumination is quasi-continuous during the polar and subpolar summer. 3Zooplankton abundance in the water column, estimated as the mean MVBS in the depth range 50 -300 m, was highest end of summer and lowest mid to end winter on the average annual cycle. However, zooplankton abundance varied several-fold between years and between locations. Based on satellite and in situ data of chlorophyll and sea ice as well as on hydrographic measurements, the interannual and spatial variations of zooplankton mean abundance can be explained by differences in the magnitude of the phytoplankton spring bloom, which develops during the seasonal sea ice retreat. Whereas the vernal ice melt appears necessary to stimulate the blooming of phytoplankton, it is not the determinator of the blooms magnitude, its areal extent and duration. A possible explanation for the limitation of the phytoplankton bloom in some years is top-down control. We hypothesize that the phytoplankton spring ...

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Lipids in marine copepods: latitudinal characteristics and perspective to global warming

Cited by 102 publications

References 91 publications

Effects of dietary essential fatty acids on reproduction rates of a subtropical calanoid copepod, Acartia erythraea

Effects of dietary essential fatty acids on reproduction rates of a subtropical calanoid copepod, Acartia erythraea

Prey assemblage isotopic variability as a tool for assessing diet and the spatial distribution of bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus foraging in the Canadian eastern Arctic

Acoustic insights into the zooplankton dynamics of the eastern Weddell Sea

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