Lipids in Marine Ecosystems

Parrish, Christopher C.

doi:10.5402/2013/604045

Cited by 243 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…The metabolites responsible for most of the observed variance in PCA analysis were shown to be lipids. We propose that this difference may be due to the different temperatures at the varied sampling sites (B10 1C to B30 1C across the latitudinal gradient) (Parrish, 2013). Once the influence of the lipids were removed from the analysis, or focusing on samples from single regions, a strong species-specific component was revealed that was due largely to secondary metabolism ( Figure 6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three major clusters are formed comprising California, Florida and a combination of Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu in a single cluster. We hypothesized that this pattern was due to lipids in the extracts, which likely vary, because different temperatures would require different components to maintain membrane fluidity (Parrish, 2013). Alternatively, it might be due to other effects, such as available food sources, although this seemed less likely due to the large geographical sampling range in the tropical Pacific.…”

Section: Bioactivity Profile Of Ascidian Chemical Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Species specificity of symbiosis and secondary metabolism in ascidians

et al. 2014

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Ascidians contain abundant, diverse secondary metabolites, which are thought to serve a defensive role and which have been applied to drug discovery. It is known that bacteria in symbiosis with ascidians produce several of these metabolites, but very little is known about factors governing these 'chemical symbioses'. To examine this phenomenon across a wide geographical and species scale, we performed bacterial and chemical analyses of 32 different ascidians, mostly from the didemnid family from Florida, Southern California and a broad expanse of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Bacterial diversity analysis showed that ascidian microbiomes are highly diverse, and this diversity does not correlate with geographical location or latitude. Within a subset of species, ascidian microbiomes are also stable over time (R ¼ À 0.037, P-value ¼ 0.499). Ascidian microbiomes and metabolomes contain species-specific and location-specific components. Location-specific bacteria are found in low abundance in the ascidians and mostly represent strains that are widespread. Location-specific metabolites consist largely of lipids, which may reflect differences in water temperature. By contrast, species-specific bacteria are mostly abundant sequenced components of the microbiomes and include secondary metabolite producers as major components. Species-specific chemicals are dominated by secondary metabolites. Together with previous analyses that focused on single ascidian species or symbiont type, these results reveal fundamental properties of secondary metabolic symbiosis. Different ascidian species have established associations with many different bacterial symbionts, including those known to produce toxic chemicals. This implies a strong selection for this property and the independent origin of secondary metabolite-based associations in different ascidian species. The analysis here streamlines the connection of secondary metabolite to producing bacterium, enabling further biological and biotechnological studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioactivity Profile Of Ascidian Chemical Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species specificity of symbiosis and secondary metabolism in ascidians

et al. 2014

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“…the C 20 PUFA, A RA and EPA, were more to xic than the C 18 PUFA octadecatetraenoic acid (OTA, 18:4ω -3). Since ARA and OTA have the same number of double bonds, and ARA is more to xic than EPA, the degree of unsaturation does not seem to be a key determinant of toxicity level (Parrish 2013).EPA with 2% and DHA with 3% were the t wo PUFA mainly detected in April, 2012. Fatty acid co mposition of algal lipids varies widely with species, habitat, light, salinity, pollution and environmental conditions (Kim et al, 1996;Ratana-Arporn and Chirapart, 2006) and in most studies 16:0 is predominant (Khotimchenko et al, 2002;Li et al, 2002;Gressler et al, 2010;Leblond et al, 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physical characteristics of biological membranes can be defended from the influence of changing temperature, pressure, or lip id pero xidation by altering the fatty acid and sterol composition of the lipid bilayer. Th e influence of essential lipids, lipid o xidation, and memb rane composition on food web structure and function will become increasingly important in the context of global warming and ozone deplet ion (Parrish, 2013). In the present study, the biochemical parameters as fatty acids, sterols and lipophilic vitamins have been investigated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ozdemir¹,

Caf²,

Feyzioglu³

et al. 2017

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Noctiluca scintillans reached the highest abundance (5105 ind/m 3 ) in April; and April was an important period in the Black Sea ecosystem because of the seasonal thermocline. While the relationship between temperature and abundance was important (P<0.05, r 2 =-0.8), the relationship was not important between salinity and abundance (P<0.05, r 2 =-0.06); and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and abundance (P<0.05, r 2 =-0.2). It was determined that total lipid was 0.5% in wet weight (WW). It was shown that the main Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) were 16:0 (24%) and 18:0 (6%), main M onounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) were 18:1ω-9c (22%) and 16:1ω-7 (4%), main Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) were 18:2ω-6c (19%) and 20:4ω-6c (8%). Phytosterols were the most important sterols in N. scintillans; and stigmasterol was 60 µg/gr and β-sterol was 8µg/gr as the most important ones in phytosterols. α-tocopherol was the highest amount (10.8 µg/g) in lipophilic vitamins. It was found that M alondialdehyde (M DA) was 65 µg/g, total protein was 10 mg/g, Glutathione (GSH) was 10565 µg/g and GSSG) was 49 µg/g. Consequently, PUFA and α-tocopherol were the most important biochemical parameters and α-tocopherol may reduce toxicity in blooms of N. scintillans because of inhibitory effect of α-tocopherol on lipid oxidation. Additionally, we can say that N. scintillans is a resistant dinoflagellate against oxidative stress.

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“…Lipid content and fatty acid profile of C. euxinus is extremely important in the sustainability of Black Sea anchovy that has an important place in Turkey's fisheries. Because, among the lipids, certain essential fatty acids are considered to be important determinants of ecosystem health and stability (Parrish, 2013). Also, fatty acids provide versatile signatures that are being increasingly employed to delineate the transfer of dietary material through marine and terrestrial food webs (Parrish et al, 2015).…”

Section: Fatty Acid Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal changes in abundance, lipid and fatty acid composition of Calanus euxinus in the South-eastern Black Sea

et al. 2017

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). Average total lipid content was determined as percentage (%) and per individual (mg ind -1 ). It was proportionally highest in February (7.03%) and lowest in September (3.02%). However, average lipid content per individual was highest in February (0.11 mg ind -1 ) and lowest in September and November (0.04 mg ind -1 ). Major fatty acids in C. euxinus were identified as 16:0, 16:1 n-7, EPA and DHA. ∑SFA, ∑MUFA, ∑PUFA and ∑HUFA were observed to be correlated with temperature. ∑SFA and ∑MUFA increased with the rise in temperature (r 2 =0.74, r 2 =0.73, p<0.05, respectively) whereas ∑PUFA and ∑HUFA increased as temperature decreased (r 2 =-0.73, r 2 =-0.80, respectively, p<0.05). Additionally, while ∑PUFA and ∑HUFA increased (r 2 =0.61, r 2 =-0.68, respectively, p<0.05), ∑MUFA decreased (r 2 =-0.68, p<0.05) as chlorophyll-a increased. It was observed that the degree of unsaturation increased as temperature decreased. Results of the study revealed that C. euxinus has rich lipid content as well as fatty acid composition and it plays an important role in the South-eastern Black Sea ecosystem functionalities especially having key role in energy fluxes to higher trophic levels.

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Lipids in Marine Ecosystems

Cited by 243 publications

References 120 publications

Species specificity of symbiosis and secondary metabolism in ascidians

Species specificity of symbiosis and secondary metabolism in ascidians

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Seasonal changes in abundance, lipid and fatty acid composition of Calanus euxinus in the South-eastern Black Sea

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