Lipids in South Asians: Epidemiology and Management

Makshood, Minhal; Post, Wendy S.; Kanaya, Alka M.

doi:10.1007/s12170-019-0618-9

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…These associations were statistically significant with statistically significantly higher values in the MENA region than in South Asia. Nevertheless, our study findings are consistent with the previous findings including that dyslipidemia is one of the important risk factors for myocardial infarction in the South Asian population (36), especially hypertriglyceridemia (37), low-HDL level (38) and elevated LDL (39), (39). Furthermore, poor glycaemic control in the known case and impaired glucose tolerance in normal individuals among South Asians (40) due to the high prevalence of insulin resistance (41) which increases the risk of cardiovascular events (36, 37).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Furthermore, poor glycaemic control in the known case and impaired glucose tolerance in normal individuals among South Asians (40) due to the high prevalence of insulin resistance (41) which increases the risk of cardiovascular events (36, 37). The elevated TC/HDL and TG/HDL ratio among the South Asians and MENA region population in the present investigation authenticates the recently reported research as TC/HDL (38) and TG/HDL (39) ratio found to have the predominant risk factors for AMI. Moreover, these ratios are significantly worse in the MENA region population than in South Asians.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Ethnicity affects the risk factors of acute myocardial infarction and should be considered in educational programs

Alharbe

Alatawi

Amirthalingam

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Acute Myocardial infarction is a non-communicable disease representing the leading cause of death in Saudi Arabia. Studying the ethnicity in its risk factors has been poorly investigated.ObjectivesTo compare risk factors among Saudi nationals and expatriates.MethodsA retrospective cohort study for patients admitted to the Cardiac Care Unit of one of the largest tertiary care hospitals in Tabuk diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction from September 2018 to August 2019. Risk factors were compared among groups on the basis of their ethnicity.ResultsIn total 18,746 patients were included. Gender and age were the predominant risk factors; Male (p < 0.05) and age >50 years (p < 0.05). There were significant differences between Saudis and expatriates in all measurable parameters indicating that a genetic factor contributes to the risk factors, which was proved by the significant differences between the Middle East North Africa and South Asia subgroups. Interestingly, the mean values of laboratory results were higher than Saudi populations.ConclusionsThe disparity in lipid profile among the studied groups addresses the patient ethnicity should be considered during education programs for the risk factors of cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Ethnicity affects the risk factors of acute myocardial infarction and should be considered in educational programs

Alharbe

Alatawi

Amirthalingam

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…This agrees with a recent meta-analysis that concluded, although triglyceride levels associated with likelihood of GDM (I 2 ≥ 84%) [78], after stratification by culture/geographical location, they found no association between triglyceride levels and likelihood of GDM. The reasons for this are unclear but it has also been shown that SAs have a higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia than WEs and at lower BMI levels, meaning it is possible that the difference in triglyceride levels and in SA GDM cases and controls is less pronounced than in WEs [79].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Drivers of Dysglycemia in Pregnancy: Ethnic-Specific GWAS of 146 Metabolites and 1-Sample Mendelian Randomisation Analyses in a UK Multi-Ethnic Birth Cohort

Fuller

Iles

Moore

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common pregnancy complication worldwide and is associated with short- and long-term health implications for both mother and child. Prevalence of GDM varies between ethnicities, with South Asians (SAs) experiencing up to three times the risk compared to white Europeans (WEs). This study aimed to evaluate the causal role of metabolic characteristics in the ethnic-associated differences in gestational dysglycemia.A one-sample Mendelian Randomisation (MR) was performed separately on 3688 SA and 3354 WE women (<28thweek of pregnancy) from the Born in Bradford (BiB) cohort for 146 metabolites exposures for the outcomes of fasting glucose and 2-hr post glucose (P ≤ 1 × 10−5was considered significant). Additional GWAS and MR analyses on 22 composite measures of metabolite classes were also conducted.Through an extensive GWAS analysis this study identified 15 novel genome-wide significant (GWS) SNPs associated with tyrosine in theFOXNandSLC13A2genes and 1 novel GWS SNP (currently in no known gene) associated with acetate in SAs. Through the utilisation of a MR analysis. 14 metabolites were found to be associated with postprandial glucose in WEs, while in SAs a distinct panel of 11 metabolites were identified. In WEs cholesterols were most common metabolite class identified, whereas in SAs saturated fatty acids were most common. Furthermore, in SAs a composite measure of the fatty acid class was also found to associate with 2-hour post glucose.The presence of ethnic-specific causal relationships between a comprehensive set of metabolites and postprandial glucose measures (fasting glucose and 2-hour post glucose) in mid-pregnancy has been established in a UK SA and WE population. Future work should aim to investigate the biological mechanisms of metabolites on GDM risk in order to inform ethnically tailored GDM prevention strategies.

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“… Genetic factors and social determinants of health Knowledge and applicability are developing rapidly, already useful for FH and some other genetic variants [330] , [331] , [332] , [333] , [334] Race/ethnicity (All people are complex genetic mixtures, but some genetic factors are alerted by ethnicity in some cases. While of course not universal or definitive, Race/ethnicity can signal risk requiring deeper evaluation)* South Asian (much higher risk of atherosclerosis, high Lipoprotein (a) and diabetes and at early ages) [ 280 , [335] , [336] , [337] , [338] , [339] , [340] , [341] ], African American (hypertension, renal disease); Non-white Hispanic (diabetes, obesity, CAD); many others. Some of Asian heritage have lower risk.…”

Section: Despite Many Recommendations Early Treatment Has Not Become ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

There is urgent need to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk earlier, more intensively, and with greater precision: A review of current practice and recommendations for improved effectiveness

Makover¹,

Shapiro²,

Tóth³

2022

American Journal of Preventive Cardiology

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Lipids in South Asians: Epidemiology and Management

Cited by 22 publications

References 76 publications

Ethnicity affects the risk factors of acute myocardial infarction and should be considered in educational programs

Ethnicity affects the risk factors of acute myocardial infarction and should be considered in educational programs

Metabolic Drivers of Dysglycemia in Pregnancy: Ethnic-Specific GWAS of 146 Metabolites and 1-Sample Mendelian Randomisation Analyses in a UK Multi-Ethnic Birth Cohort

There is urgent need to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk earlier, more intensively, and with greater precision: A review of current practice and recommendations for improved effectiveness

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