Lipids of Rosa canina pericarp

Abstract

The most common plants of the family Rosaceae occur in the genus Rosa L. Many species of this genus are medicinal with a high content of biologically active compounds (carotinoids, vitamins C and E). The carotinoid content in fruit of about 50 species varies in the range 45.0-50.0 mg%; β-carotene, 5-42 mg% per absolute dry mass [1][2][3][4][5].Fruit of R. canina L. have the highest carotinoid content (2613-3933 mg% of pericarp lipid mass) of all studied species according to our data and that in the literature [5][6][7].Oils of fruit from several Rosa species are used for burns and dermatitis [8]. They exhibit antibacterial activity (against S. aureus, hemolytic streptococci, and certain anaerobic bacteria [9]) and are used in cosmetology as a substitute for bee's wax [10].In continuation of research on lipids and lipophilic components of this plant, we studied in more detail the composition of pericarp neutral lipids (NL) and the fatty-acid composition of acyl-containing classes.Pericarp of air-dried fruit were separated from seeds. The yield was 56.0% of the fruit mass, moisture 14.4%. Total lipids were extracted from the previously ground raw material by CHCl 3 with MeOH (2:1). The yield was 5.5% of the fruit mass. The extract was washed to remove non-lipid components (0.05%) using aqueous CaCl 2 . The total lipid mass in pericarp was 1.2%; carotinoid content, 2700.8 mg%. Then total lipids were separated by column chromatography (CC) over silica gel into NL, glycolipids (GL), and phospholipids (PL) using successive elution by CHCl 3 , (CH 3 ) 2 CO, and MeOH.NL yield, 44.2%; GL with triterpene acids (TA), 30.9%; PL, 24.9% of the total lipid mass. The TA content in the GL fraction with TA was determined by treatment with diazomethane. Then TA as the methyl esters were separated from GL by preparative TLC on silica gel with elution by hexane:ether (1:1). The TA content was 17.4%; GL, 13.5% of the total lipid mass.NL were identified after separation into separate classes by CC over silica gel with elution by hexane then hexane:ether with increasing content of the latter up to 100%.The NL composition was found by TLC with elution by hexane:ether (4:1 and 1:1) and comparison with models, qualitative reactions using 50% aqueous H 2 SO 4 , and chemical transformations. The contents of NL classes, which were determined gravimetrically, were:

Rosehip (Rosa canina) as a Beneficial Dietary Feed in Poultry Nutrition: Review

“…Besides the ascorbic acid, rosehip contain a wide range of vitamins, organic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, fatty acids, essential oils and other biologically active substances (such as: tannins, pectin, nitrous compounds, sugars, fats). Also, rosehip contain significantly important minerals (Na, K, Ca, P, Mn, Mg, Fe) that activate about 200 DOI: 10.2478/arls-2020-0012 ARLS, 4,2020,[11][12][13][14][15] enzymes in the body [8,9]. These compounds play an important role in maintaining fruit quality and determining nutritional value [10].…”