Lipodystrophic Syndromes and Hyperlipidemia in a Cohort of HIV-1–Infected Patients Receiving Triple Combination Antiretroviral Therapy With a Protease Inhibitor

Abstract

Nucleoside analog exposure appears as a risk factor for lipoatrophy. Age and nutritional status (reflected by baseline weight, triglycerides and cholesterol) may influence the evolution to lipoatrophy or a mixed syndrome. Hyperlipidemia is observed in the absence of lipodystrophy and depends on PI exposure.

Lipodystrophy syndrome in HIV-infected patients – a cohort study in Lower Silesia, Poland

“…Moreover, Hsue et al observed a relationship between a high TG concentration and PI treatment [38]. Another metabolic dysfunction frequently observed in HIV-infected patients is a higher total cholesterol level, contrary to the findings of this study [25,26,30].…”

“…In comparison with the control group, the LDL cholesterol level was noticeably lower and TG concentration was significantly higher in patients with severe lipodystrophy (LS2). The vast majority of authors describing lipid dysfunction in HIV-infected patients also observe hypertriglyceridemia [1,25,26,30,[35][36][37]. Mercie et al also discovered a significantly higher TG concentration in LS patients than in no-LS subgroup [25].…”

“…Prevalence of LS in HIV-infected patients varies from 8% to 84% in different studies; it is usually correlated to the characteristics of the research project, inclusion criteria and observation time [1,10,18,19,22,[30][31][32].…”

Use of Polylactic Acid Implants to Correct Facial Lipoatrophy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1–Positive Individuals Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy

“…17,18 Furthermore, other risk factors that have been shown in multivariate analysis studies [19][20][21][22] to predispose to CART-induced lipoatrophy include longer duration of HIV disease, advanced HIV disease, longer antiretroviral therapy intake, greater nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor experience in general, older age, lower pretherapy fat content, white race, and elevated triglyceride levels. Indeed, this "lipodystrophic phenotype" is well represented in our cohort of selected patients.…”

Adherence to HAART: Perspectives from clients in treatment support programs

“…Yet other qualities of HAART discourage consistent pill-taking. These include the high pill burden (Proctor, Tesfa, & Tompkins, 1999), sometimes debilitating side-effects (Ammassari et al, 2001Duran et al, 2001;Max & Sherer, 2000;Proctor et al, 1999;Remien et al, 2003), the potential long-term health consequences of the medication (Max & Sherer, 2000) [including hypersensitivity (Carr & Cooper, 2000), lipodystrophy (Friis-Moller et al, 2003;Galli et al, 2002;Rakotoambinina et al, 2001), liver toxicity (Nunez, Lana, Mendoza, Martin-Carbonero, & Soriano, 2001), diabetes (Justman et al, 2003)], and the prospect of taking medicines indefinitely.…”