Lipogenesis and Pancreatic Insulin Release in Fetal Pigs

Tr, Kasser; Gj, Hausman; Dr, Campion; Rj, Martin

doi:10.2527/jas1983.563579x

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Unless noted otherwise, values are the mean of 10 observations. The lipid content o f the whole, headless body was greater for D fetuses than C fetuses [13], However, the triglyceride concentration o f the semitendinous muscle [12] as well as the biceps femoris muscle was lower in D fetuses. But the rates o f palmitate oxidation to CO2 and o f palmitate esterification and the partition ratio did not vary between the two types.…”

Section: Sows At 45 Days Of Gestation Had Fetuses Decapi Tated In Onementioning

confidence: 84%

Effect of Fetal Decapitation on the Composition and Metabolic Characteristics of Pig Skeletal Muscle

et al. 1984

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The effect of fetal decapitation on the compositional and metabolic characteristics of the biceps femoris muscle of the pig was studied. Fetuses were decapitated at 45 days of gestation and sampled at 110 days of gestation. Muscle wet weight was greater and total dry matter was lower in decapitated (D) than in control (C) fetuses. Total muscle triglyceride content was not influenced by decapitation, but the triglyceride concentration was lower in D when compared to C fetuses. Muscle cell number (total muscle DNA) was not influenced by decapitation, but protein/DNA was greater in the muscle of D than C fetuses. Aerobic metabolism, as measured by oxidation of pyruvate, isoleucine, and palmitate to CO₂, was not influenced by decapitation. The rate of palmitate esterified and the ratio of palmitate oxidized/esterified was normal in decapitated fetuses. While the tricarboxylic acid cycle appeared to function normally, pentose shunt activity was higher in the decapitated fetal muscle than in control muscle. Although the rate of decarboxylation of leucine was lower in the muscle of D than in C fetuses, the net rate of leucine transaminated was similar between C and D fetuses.

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Section: Sows At 45 Days Of Gestation Had Fetuses Decapi Tated In Onementioning

confidence: 84%

Effect of Fetal Decapitation on the Composition and Metabolic Characteristics of Pig Skeletal Muscle

et al. 1984

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“…As in previous studies with the fetal pig [11,22,24,25], decapitation did not in fluence the general growth of the fetus as measured by body weight. Previous work has demonstrated that fetal decapitation pro duces significant changes in the growth and development of individual organs [11.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Previous work has demonstrated that fetal decapitation pro duces significant changes in the growth and development of individual organs [11. 22, 24, 26], with the endocrine organs appearing to be some of the most severely affected [11,[24][25][26], As a result, the plasma hormone lev els of the decapitated fetus have been shown to differ from control animals [27], The re sults of that experiment indicated that this altered plasma profile produced significant changes in the nutrient metabolism of the fetus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Fetal Decapitation upon Porcine Placental Metabolism

Ramsay

Sheahan

Hausman³

et al. 1985

Neonatology

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This experiment was performed to determine if the fetus can influence its placental metabolism. Fetal pigs were decapitated at 45 days of gestation and their placentas compared at 110 days to within litter controls. No histological or histochemical differences were observed. Glycogen levels were elevated in the fetal placenta of decapitated pigs by 107%. Fatty acid synthesis was increased in the fetal placenta of decapitated animals (12.9 ± 1.5 vs. 3.4 ± 0.7 nmol acetate units/100 mg/2 h). Fetal decapitation increased fetal placental fatty acid esterification by 43% and oxidation by 125%. The altered lipid metabolism of the fetal placenta was reflected in enzymes associated with substrate utilization (pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase). Maternal placenta lipogenesis was also altered by fetal manipulation. Leucine conversion to its alpha ketoacid was increased in the fetal placenta of the decapitated pigs (14.8 ± 1.7 vs. 8.6 ± 1.4 nmol/100 mg/2 h) indicating amino acid metabolism was affected by this treatment. The ability of an altered fetal endocrinology and metabolism to affect the placental metabolism supports the concept of a fetal influence on placental metabolism.

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“…It would seem more likely that pla cental GRF has a paracrine role in the regula tion of placental protein expression and secre tion. This might explain why decapitated swine fetuses can maintain a relatively nor-mal growth rate in útero [22,23]. Yet the pos sibility still remains that placental GRF may be secreted into the fetal circulation and pro vide extrahypothalamic stimulatory input to the fetal pituitary gland [7], It has been found that intraperitoneal administration of GRF antiserum to pregnant rats results in an upregulation of IGF-I and 1GF-II and of the IGF-II receptor in placenta and fetus, thereby sub stantiating the involvement of the placenta in the in útero regulation of the secretion of somatotropic hormones [24], It was also re ported that the stage of gestation had no effect on GRF concentration in the rat placenta, although total contents of GRF increased pro gressively in relation to placental growth [7], Similarly, the total content of immunoreactive GRF per placenta increased from days 50 to 100 of gestation in sheep [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of a Bioactive and Immunoreactive Growth-Hormone-Releasing-Factor-Like Substance in Porcine Placenta

Farmer

Gaudreau²

1997

Neonatology

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The present study was conducted to establish whether growth hormone (GH) releasing factor (GRF) is present in porcine placenta. Various concentrations of placental extracts from sows at 90 and 110 days of gestation were added to porcine anterior pituitary cells in culture. The extract-induced GH secretion was compared to that of GRF(1–29)NH₂. Experiments were also performed in the presence of the GRF receptor antagonist N^α-acetyl(D-Arg²-Ala¹⁵) rat GRF(1–29)NH₂ (10^––⁷M). Significant effects on GH production were obtained with increasing concentrations of placental extracts (p < 0.001). This response was significantly diminished in the presence of the GRF receptor antagonist (p < 0.001). The effect of gestational age at the time of collection of the placenta was nonsignificant (p > 0.1). In addition, using a placental extract from 110 days of gestation, an immunoreactive GRF content of 52–63 ng/mg dry weight was detected. Altogether, the detection of an immunoreactive GRF-like substance in porcine placental extracts and the ability of these extracts to stimulate GH release in a concentration-dependent manner, likely by triggering a GRF-receptor-mediated mechanism, support the presence of GRF in this tissue.

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Lipogenesis and Pancreatic Insulin Release in Fetal Pigs

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of Fetal Decapitation on the Composition and Metabolic Characteristics of Pig Skeletal Muscle

Effect of Fetal Decapitation on the Composition and Metabolic Characteristics of Pig Skeletal Muscle

Effects of Fetal Decapitation upon Porcine Placental Metabolism

Presence of a Bioactive and Immunoreactive Growth-Hormone-Releasing-Factor-Like Substance in Porcine Placenta

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