Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces increased epidermal green autofluorescence of mouse

Abstract

Our recent studies have suggested that characteristic 'Pattern of Autofluorescence (AF)' of each disease could be a novel biomarker for non-invasive diagnosis of multiple major diseases such as acute ischemic stroke. It is necessary to determine if increased epidermal green AF may be produced by major pathological factors such as inflammation. In our current study, we used C57BL/6Slac mice exposed to LPS to test our hypothesis that inflammation may induce increased epidermal green AF: LPS rapidly induced significant increases in the epidermal green AF of the mice's ears at 1 hr after LPS injection. LPS also dose-dependently increased the epidermal green AF. The AF intensity had a linear relationship with the LPS dosages at both 3 and 7 days after the LPS administration. The AF images exhibited the characteristic structure of the keratinocytes in Stratum Spinosum, suggesting that the origin of the increased AF was keratin 1 and/or keratin 10.Collectively, our current study has provided the first evidence indicating that inflammation can rapidly and dose-dependently induce increased epidermal green AF, suggesting that the green AF may be the first biomarker for non-invasive and rapid detection of systemic inflammation. Since inflammation is a key pathological factor of numerous diseases, our finding has highlighted the value of the epidermal AF as a novel diagnostic biomarker for numerous diseases.

The green autofluorescence intensity and asymmetry of older men is significantly higher than those of older women in their fingernails and certain regions of skin

“…Therefore, our current finding that elder men have higher green AF intensity than elder women is consistent with the findings indicating that female have significantly lower risk to develop multiple cardiovascular diseases (7). Our studies have indicated that the green AF intensity is not only highly correlated with the risk to develop multiple cardiovascular diseases, but also a hallmark of tissue injury induced by oxidative stress or inflammation (10,11,19). Therefore, our study has suggested that compared with older female population, the older male population has higher injury levels in their cardiovascular systems.…”

“…It has been reported that older women do not have decreased serum concentrations of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, as older men do (1), which has implicated that older men may have higher levels of inflammation than older women. Since our previous study has suggested that inflammation can induce increased skin's green AF intensity (19), the higher green AF intensity of older men's skin may be caused by their higher levels of inflammation.…”

“…Our studies have suggested that oxidative stress is a key factor that can produce the increased epidermal green AF by altering keratin 1 (10,11). Our latest study has indicated that inflammation can also induce increased green AF of mouse's skin (19).…”

Green autofluorescence intensity of skin and fingernails: A novel biomarker for non-invasive evaluation of pathological state of blood vessels

“…Since oxidative stress can lead to increased epidermal green AF by altering keratin 1 (12,13), the increased oxidative stress of AIS patients (2,6,23) and MI patients (1,5,11,15,24) may be responsible for the increased AF intensity. Our latest study has also indicated that inflammation can produced increased epidermal green AF intensity (26).…”

Professional Swimmers and Normal Populations have Different Patterns of Epidermal Green Autofluorescence

“…Our recent study has suggested that oxidative stress is an important factor that can increase the epidermal green AF by altering keratin 1 (4,5). Our latest study has also indicated that inflammation can induce increased green AF of mouse's skin (15).…”