Lipoprotein lipase: Biosynthesis, regulatory factors, and its role in atherosclerosis and other diseases

He, Ping; Jiang, Ting; Ouyang, Xin; Liang, Yaqin; Zou, Jieqiong; Wang, Yan; Shen, Qianqian; Liao, Li; Zheng, Xi-Long

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2018.02.006

Cited by 82 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…The chylomicrons are secreted into the lymph and, via the thoracic duct and systemic circulation, are delivered to the adipose tissue, the muscle and other tissues. Chylomicrons become the substrate of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a highly expressed enzyme on the capillary endothelium 52 . This results in a significant decrease in the chylomicron size and formation of chylomicron remnants which, being poor in triglyceride but enriched in cholesterol esters, acquire APOE.…”

Section: Exogenous Lipoprotein Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of triglycerides and cholesterol esters, which are synthesized and stored in the liver, are subsequently used for the formation and secretion of the VLDL lipoproteins. The hepatocytes synthesize APOB100 and the Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein transfers the lipids from the cytosolic part of the ER to the lumen where the triglyceride-rich VLDL lipoprotein is generated 55 .The VLDL is secreted via the Golgi apparatus 56 and transported to the peripheral tissues via the circulation where it gets hydrolyzed by the LPL in a similar way to the chylomicrons 52 . The removal of triglycerides from the VLDL particles gradually leads to the transformation of VLDL to APOE-and cholesterol ester-enriched IDL.…”

Section: Endogenous Lipoprotein Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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PNPLA2 influences secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by human hepatoma cells

Taxiarchis

Mahdessian

Silveira

et al. 2019

Journal of Lipid Research

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Section: Exogenous Lipoprotein Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endogenous Lipoprotein Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

PNPLA2 influences secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by human hepatoma cells

Taxiarchis

Mahdessian

Silveira

et al. 2019

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…The physiological function of LPL is to catalyze the hydrolysis of plasma triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins, giving rise to the formation of small and dense lipoproteins chylomicron remnants, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs). 7,8 LPL produced by macrophages has been manifested to be upregulated in the atherosclerotic lesions. 9,10 It is widely accepted that macrophage-derived LPL in the arterial wall is pro-atherogenic during AS progression, possibly by promoting the formation of foam cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted Article: MicroRNA-135a alleviates lipid accumulation and inflammation of atherosclerosis through targeting lipoprotein lipase

Zhao

et al. 2019

RSC Adv.

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“…The hydrophilic exterior of lipoprotein particles consists of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins that surround a fatty acid-rich hydrophobic core of triglycerides and cholesterol esters (33). In the host, fatty acids are released from the triglycerides and phospholipids present within lipoprotein particles by a tissuespecific family of triacylglycerol lipases (34)(35)(36). Notably, expression of secreted lipases is a clinically defining feature of S. aureus, and most strains encode multiple lipases (37,38).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus Utilizes Host-Derived Lipoprotein Particles as Sources of Fatty Acids

et al. 2018

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Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is a threat to global health. Consequently, much effort has focused on the development of new antimicrobials that target novel aspects of physiology. Fatty acids are required to maintain cell viability, and bacteria synthesize fatty acids using the type II fatty acid synthesis pathway (FASII). FASII is significantly different from human fatty acid synthesis, underscoring the therapeutic potential of inhibiting this pathway. However, many Gram-positive pathogens incorporate exogenous fatty acids, bypassing FASII inhibition and leaving the clinical potential of FASII inhibitors uncertain. Importantly, the source(s) of fatty acids available to pathogens within the host environment remains unclear. Fatty acids are transported throughout the body by lipoprotein particles in the form of triglycerides and esterified cholesterol. Thus, lipoproteins, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) represent a potentially rich source of exogenous fatty acids for during infection. We sought to test the ability of LDLs to serve as a fatty acid source for and show that cells cultured in the presence of human LDLs demonstrate increased tolerance to the FASII inhibitor, triclosan. Using mass spectrometry, we observed that host-derived fatty acids present in the LDLs are incorporated into the staphylococcal membrane and that tolerance to triclosan is facilitated by the fatty acid kinase A, FakA, and Geh, a triacylglycerol lipase. Finally, we demonstrate that human LDLs support the growth of fatty acid auxotrophs. Together, these results suggest that human lipoprotein particles are a viable source of exogenous fatty acids for during infection. Inhibition of bacterial fatty acid synthesis is a promising approach to combating infections caused by and other human pathogens. However, incorporates exogenous fatty acids into its phospholipid bilayer. Therefore, the clinical utility of targeting bacterial fatty acid synthesis is debated. Moreover, the fatty acid reservoir(s) exploited by are not well understood. Human low-density lipoprotein particles represent a particularly abundant source of fatty acids and are present in tissues colonizes. Herein, we establish that is capable of utilizing the fatty acids present in low-density lipoproteins to bypass both chemical and genetic inhibition of fatty acid synthesis. These findings imply that targets LDLs as a source of fatty acids during pathogenesis.

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Lipoprotein lipase: Biosynthesis, regulatory factors, and its role in atherosclerosis and other diseases

Cited by 82 publications

References 183 publications

PNPLA2 influences secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by human hepatoma cells

PNPLA2 influences secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by human hepatoma cells

Retracted Article: MicroRNA-135a alleviates lipid accumulation and inflammation of atherosclerosis through targeting lipoprotein lipase

Staphylococcus aureus Utilizes Host-Derived Lipoprotein Particles as Sources of Fatty Acids

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