Lipoprotein Lipase Expression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: New Insights into Leukemic Progression

Abstract

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a central enzyme in lipid metabolism. Due to its catalytic activity, LPL is involved in metabolic pathways exploited by various solid and hematologic malignancies to provide an extra energy source to the tumor cell. We and others described a link between the expression of LPL in the tumor cell and a poor clinical outcome of patients suffering Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). This leukemia is characterized by a slow accumulation of mainly quiescent clonal CD5 positive B cells that infiltrates secondary lymphoid organs, bone marrow and peripheral blood. Despite LPL being found to be a reliable molecular marker for CLL prognosis, its functional role and the molecular mechanisms regulating its expression are still matter of debate. Herein we address some of these questions reviewing the current state of the art of LPL research in CLL and providing some insights into where currently unexplored questions may lead to.

Prognostic and Therapeutic Value of Apolipoprotein A and a New Risk Scoring System Based on Apolipoprotein A and Adenosine Deaminase in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

“…LPL, catalyzing the hydrolysis of TG into FFA, was found aberrant expression in CLL cells, which was similar to fat and muscle cells on signatures. It mediates the uptake of cholesterol, therefore reduces the level of cholesterol, HDL, VLDL, and TG (14,17,(50)(51)(52)(53). For this reason, the inhibition of STAT3 pathway is likely to inhibit the utilization of FFA in CLL cells.…”

Analysis of key genes and pathways in breast ductal carcinoma <em>in&nbsp;situ</em>

“…LPL plays a critical role in lipid metabolism (42). Studies have shown that LPL may regulate metabolic pathways to provide additional energy for cancer cells (43,44). Circulating LEP is usually secreted by white adipose tissue and is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis, energy balance, and immune and inflammatory responses (45).…”

Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals transcriptional dynamics of estrogen-induced dysplasia in the ovarian surface epithelium

“…Given the lack of strategies for early detection of ovarian cancer and consequent poor patient prognosis, investigating genes upregulated throughout E2-induced dysplasia formation may inform development of diagnostic and prognostic markers for E2-driven and -responsive tumours. Igfbp5 [ 38 – 40 ], Enpp2 [ 41 ], Ctsh [ 42 , 43 ], Lpl [ 44 , 45 ], and Tacc1 [ 46 – 48 ] are the top five genes correlated with the E2 branch in pseudotime and all are currently under investigation as cancer biomarkers. Preliminary studies in various human pathologies have demonstrated that IGFBP5 [ 49 ], ENPP2 [ 50 ], ENPP2 metabolites [ 44 ] and LPL [ 44 ] are secreted factors detectable in serum.…”