Lipoprotein subclasses and endogenous sex hormones in women at midlife

Abstract

This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org in lipoprotein profi le around the time of menopause, including increases in total cholesterol, triglycerides, ApoB, and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) ( 1, 4-7 ), which suggest a possible role of endogenous sex hormones. The reduction in plasma estradiol (E2) level that accompanies the menopausal transition has been suggested as a possible mechanism for this alteration of lipid profi les. This hypothesis was supported by the favorable infl uence of hormone therapy (HT) on lipids/lipoproteins ( 8,9 ).The conventional methods of measuring lipid/lipoprotein classes as VLDLs, LDL-C, and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), provide concentrations of cholesterol carried by the lipoprotein particles rather than the concentration of the particles themselves ( 10 ). The amount of cholesterol per particle varies from person to person, simply because of differences in the relative amounts of cholesterol ester and triglycerides in the particle core, as well as the differences in particle diameter ( 11 ). The NMR spectroscopy method provides a direct measure of lipoprotein particle size, distribution, and concentrations, and therefore may provide a more accurate way to quantify CVD risk. High concentrations of small LDL particles (LDL-Ps) and small HDL particles (HDL-Ps) ( 12, 13 ), and total VLDL particles (VLDL-Ps) and large 14 ) have been found to be associated with greater risk of CVD, while larger LDLand HDL-P sizes are signifi cantly associated with reduced incidence of CVD ( 14 ).Most of the studies which evaluated the associations between endogenous sex hormones and lipid/lipoprotein levels were mainly limited to lipoprotein classes as measured by the conventional methods (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Results from these studies were not consistent; some failed to report signifi cant associations between lipids and sex hormones after adjusting for BMI ( 17,18 ), while others showed signifi cant associations of E2 (negative) and androgens (positive) with LDL-C and total cholesterol ( 15,16,(18)(19)(20).Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the associations between levels of endogenous sex hormones in women at midlife and lipoprotein subclasses. One hundred and twenty women (68 late peri-/postmenopausal and 52 pre-/ early perimenopausal) from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (Pittsburgh site) were included. Lipoprotein subclasses were quantifi ed using NMR spectroscopy. Participants (57.5% White and 42.5% Black) were 50.4 ± 1.9 years old. Adjusting for age, race, cycle day of blood draw, BMI, physical activity, and alcohol consumption, a negative correlation was found between estradiol (E2) and mediumsmall LDL particle (LDL-P) concentration ( = ؊ 0.19, P = 0.04). Further, E2 was positively correlated with HDL particle (HDL-P) size ( = 0.22, P = 0.02). For sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), independent negative correlation was found with total small LDL-P concentration. SHBG was also positively correlated with LDL-P and HDL-P sizes ( P < 0.05 for all). For...

Outcomes of ST‐elevation myocardial infarction by age and sex in a low‐income urban community: The Montefiore STEMI Registry

“…Socioeconomic status is a foremost driver of race/ethnic health disparities, and a major determinant of behavioral and clinical risk factors, including smoking and other lifestyle habits, obesity, and diabetes 24,31 . In a combined analysis of two prospective registries, low socioeconomic status had the strongest association with mortality postacute MI independent of race, as compared with other risk factors 32 . Apart from lower socioeconomic status, it is well documented that female adolescents have an increased risk of glycemic dysregulation as compared with their male counterparts, although in our study, significant differences were seen in the middle‐aged, but not young age group 24 .…”

Subfraction Distribution of Apo B-Containing Lipoproteins Depending on the Achievement of the Target Level of Low Density Lipoproteins Under Statins Therapy in Patients With Coronary Atherosclerosis

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“…По данным одних исследователей статины более эффективны у мужчин, по данным других -у женщин [10][11][12]. Разный эффект статинов у мужчин и женщин объясняют гормональным статусом, меньшей приверженностью женщин к лечению этими препаратами, разными дозами [13][14].…”

Greater Periaortic Fat Volume at Midlife Is Associated with Slower Gait Speed Later in Life in Women: The SWAN Cardiovascular Fat Ancillary Study

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