Lipoproteins and their genetic variation in subjects with and without angiographically verified coronary artery disease.

Abstract

To examine the concentration of serum lipoproteins and the association of their genetic variation with the occurrence of coronary artery disease (CAD), composite serum lipoprotein profiles including lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), apolipoprotein (apo) E phenotypes, and apo BXba I genotypes were determined in patients with angiographically verified CAD (CAD+ group, n = l l l ) and in subjects with no angiographic evidence of CAD (CAD-group, n=46). In addition, we determined the concentrations of serum lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in 96 healthy controls. Both CAD-and CAD+ groups had lower concentrations of apos A-I and A-II but higher concentrations of serum total and very low density lipoprotein triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol than did healthy controls. The mean concentrations of serum total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and the median values of Lp(a) were similar in the CAD+ and CAD-groups, both having higher concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apo B than the healthy controls. Irrespective of gender, patients with CAD had significantly lower serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol than did those without CAD (1.48±0.40 versus 1.16±0.29 mmol/l,p<0.001). In women, the mean serum total and very low density lipoprotein triglyceride concentration was also higher in the CAD+ than in the CAD-group. The frequency of the apo E4 allele (e4) was significantly higher in the CAD+ group (0J93) than in the CAD-group (0.174;p<0.001). The frequencies of the two apo B a\\eles,Xl (Xba I restriction site absent) and A"2 (Xba I restriction site present), were similar in the two groups. Stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that in men, serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol had the highest power to discriminate for CAD. In addition, the concentration of plasma apo B levels and the occurrence of apo E phenotypes were independently associated with CAD in men. In women, the only independent factor associated with CAD after adjustment for 0-blocker and diuretics usage was the concentration of serum triglycerides. (

Aging and genetic variation of plasma apolipoproteins. Relative loss of the apolipoprotein E4 phenotype in centenarians.

“…However, this linkage may not be present in all populations, since our previous study showed only an insignificantly higher frequency of the XI allele in Finnish patients with angiographically confirmed coronary constrictions compared with patients with other cardiac diseases but no angiographic evidence of atherosclerosis (61% versus 54%). 35 The higher frequency of the apoC-III 52 allele among the centenarians than among the younger Finns (Table 2) was a somewhat unexpected finding. We have previously detected the 52 allele in approximately 60% of Finnish patients with severe primary hypertriglyceridemia but in only 16% (P<.001) of healthy normolipidemic subjects.…”

“…Although the following is not true of all populations examined, 5 ' 6 in Finland the apoE phenotype E4 has been associated with an elevated serum LDL cholesterol level 8 and is known to be more common among patients with angiographically confirmed coronary disease than in the general population 15 or in patients with cardiac disease who have normal coronary angiograms. 35 In addition, the apoE e4 allele may promote accelerated atherosclerosis by mechanisms other than that operating via increased serum LDL cholesterol levels, 3638 and some of these mechanisms may be important for life expectancy. Our data confirm the results of Davignon et al 22 and Eggertsen et al, 23 who both were able to show a decrease of the e4 allele frequency in elderly people compared with younger age groups.…”

The X-X-/E+E+ genotype of the XbaI/EcoRI polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein B gene as a marker of coronary artery disease in a Brazilian sample

“…Bohn and Berg (17) cited significant positive associations between CAD and the Xallele and/or the X-X-genotype in five studies (6-10), and reported that this association was not observed in seven other studies (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). The X-X-genotype was more frequent in Brazilian women with CAD than in control women (25).…”

The Relationship Between Risk Factor Levels and Presence of Coronary Artery Calcification is Dependent on Apolipoprotein E Genotype

“…Strong associations between the frequency of CAD, ischemic heart disease (IHD), or CHD and the frequency of the ApoE genotypes carrying the ⑀4 allele have been found in case control studies, 18 -21,44 -46 in studies of special population subgroups, 16,17,47 and recently in a prospective study. 22 These results have raised expectations that the ApoE polymorphism may be useful in identifying asymptomatic individuals who are at higher risk of CAD.…”